Kaupapa: Alpine frontiers
Kaupapa: Avar frontiers
Kaituhi: Pohl, Walter
Ngā tūemi rite: Chapter Frontier practices in the early Carolingian Period
- Chapter From passageway to frontier: the Alps in Carolingian times
- Carolingian Frontiers: Italy and Beyond
- Chapter Frontiers and fortifications in the Carolingian imperial imagination
- Chapter Frontiers as zones of public overinvestment: fortresses, ditches, and walls in the northern frontier of the Carolingian Empire
- Chapter Conlusions
- Chapter Border pacts and frontier areas in Carolingian Italy