Testing of Materials and Elements in Civil Engineering (2nd Edition)

This reprint was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of this topic, from building materials to building structu...

সম্পূর্ণ বিবরণ

সংরক্ষণ করুন:
গ্রন্থ-পঞ্জীর বিবরন
বিন্যাস: Online
ভাষা:ইংরেজি
প্রকাশিত: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2023
বিষয়গুলি:
NDT
GSI
RMR
PCM
TLS
xCT
gap
FEM
SEM
FRP
অনলাইন ব্যবহার করুন:ONIX_20230808_9783036578880_16
ট্যাগগুলো: ট্যাগ যুক্ত করুন
কোনো ট্যাগ নেই, প্রথমজন হিসাবে ট্যাগ করুন!
_version_ 1869513755151302656
collection Directory of Open Access Books
description This reprint was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of this topic, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of materials testing in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in elements and structures using destructive, semidestructive, and nondestructive testing.
format Online
id doab-20.500.12854ir-112448
institution Directory of Open Access Books
language eng
publishDate 2023
publishDateRange 2023
publishDateSort 2023
publisher MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publisherStr MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
record_format ojs
spelling doab-20.500.12854ir-1124482024-04-11T15:11:02Z Testing of Materials and Elements in Civil Engineering (2nd Edition) Schabowicz, Krzysztof timber structures estimating mechanical parameters small clear specimens non-destructive tests semi-destructive tests resistance drilling ultrasonic wave stress wave visual grading concrete NDT finite element method experiment automated inspection frequency domain validation sulfate attack physical and mechanical properties damage model microstructure external thermal insulation systems mechanical properties of bonds polyurethane adhesive timber frame building bond strength shear properties residual magnetic field Barkhausen noise LCR circuits plastic deformation austenitic steel steel fibre-reinforced concrete steel fibres waste sand properties reinforced beam shear cracking shear capacity non-destructive testing damage detection vibrations modal analysis continuous wavelet transform concrete beam strengthening adhesive joint debonding S355 steel uniaxial tensile test strength properties true stress-strain relationships confining pressure expansive clay fiber flexible wall permeameter hydraulic conductivity lime rigid wall permeameter concrete corrosion concrete protection steel corrosion concrete durability coating materials masonry structures autoclaved aerated concrete masonry units (AAC) compressive strength minor-destructive (MDT) techniques non-destructive (NDT) techniques ultrasonic testing acoustoelastic effect (AE) hydrostatic stresses modeling DIC technique ready-mixed concrete construction architecture material inter-laboratory comparisons (ILC) proficiency testing (PT) concrete quality assessment fracture mechanics ductile fracture material microstructure void growth FEM model material testing geodesic dome seismic response dynamic analysis seismic analysis high temperature fire temperature residual strength heat accumulation factor variational asymptotic method reduced-order plate model orthogrid-stiffened panel free-vibration analysis global buckling steel plates ultrasonic tomography base material rock post-installed anchors adhesive anchor mechanical anchor load-bearing capacity GSI RMR rebound value rebound hammer semi-flexible pavement fatigue resistance cracking mechanism fatigue prediction fracture surface cement–cellulose composites ventilated façade acoustic emission method frequencies of acoustic emission signals geosynthetic design pullout resistance effective length reinforced earth clay bricks cement lime mortar infill masonry wall destructive force self-stressed anti-washout concrete segment assembly undrained strengthening axial compression test mechanical properties CFRP grid PCM interface mechanical model pull-out test finite element analysis external walls thermal measurements R-value thermal resistance temperature-based method heat flow meter method infrared thermography method 3D textile composite equivalent model buckling analysis interlaboratory comparison (ILC) risk analysis measurements uncertainty (MU) ceramic tiles adhesive (CTA) assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) construction product market surveillance artificial weathering testing in civil engineering construction profiles natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites building performance assessment microstructure analysis stairs masonry clay brick arch vault management quality light detection and ranging (LiDAR) TLS low-temperature construction additive preparation method volumetric properties modification mechanism mixture performance bio-rejuvenated additive 100% rejuvenation reclaimed asphalt pavement regeneration mechanism pavement performance macro-strain mode medium- and small-span bridges wavelet transform cross-correlation function hygrothermal simulation capillary active internal insulation mould risk moisture effects subgrade static load test deformation modulus reliability fine-grain concrete bond industrial computed tomography numerical simulation xCT rectangular profile torsional stiffness stiffness increase research guided waves longitudinal wave discrete element method numerical modelling dispersion curves recycled aggregate concrete sustainable aggregate flexural strength gradient boosting random forest ventilated facades large-scale model fibre cement boards fire exposure Bayesian approach prestressing force saw-cut method assessment pre-tensioned members waste from enrichment of water-soluble ores artificially supported mining method backfill activation nanomodifier astralene ultimate compressive strength cement air-entraining admixture plasticizing porosity air-content strength freeze-thawing resistance storage systems looseness stiffness beam-end connection bending gap clearance plastic viscosity yield stress machine learning volcanic soil mechanical property strength index particle crushing road engineering pavement fatigue modules FEM light weight deflectometer solid fired brick defects in the internal structure resonant pulse method material durability drying of soil microwave heating soil structure computed microtomography water content buckling stability civil engineering slender bars columns numerical analysis variable cross-section waste glass recycling construction materials sustainable concrete steel fiber building material fibers mortar hybrid artificial neural networks fibre-cement boards acoustic emission SEM steel fibers steel fiber-reinforced concrete backfill mining loading rate cumulative ringing count damage constitutive model CFRP bond–slip law RC slab retrofit strengthen self-compacting concrete prediction models FRP continuous RC slab optimal design asphalt aging material property climate condition pavement structure field rut depth precast concrete products quality control OC curve AOQ curve shear wave velocity bender elements triaxial testing micromechanics thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials This reprint was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of this topic, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of materials testing in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in elements and structures using destructive, semidestructive, and nondestructive testing. 2023-08-08T15:11:59Z 2023-08-08T15:11:59Z 2023 book ONIX_20230808_9783036578880_16 9783036578880 9783036578897 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/112448 eng image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/7561 https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/7561 MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 10.3390/books978-3-0365-7889-7 10.3390/books978-3-0365-7889-7 46cabcaa-dd94-4bfe-87b4-55023c1b36d0 9783036578880 9783036578897 576 Basel open access
spellingShingle timber structures
estimating mechanical parameters
small clear specimens
non-destructive tests
semi-destructive tests
resistance drilling
ultrasonic wave
stress wave
visual grading
concrete
NDT
finite element method
experiment
automated inspection
frequency domain
validation
sulfate attack
physical and mechanical properties
damage model
microstructure
external thermal insulation systems
mechanical properties of bonds
polyurethane adhesive
timber frame building
bond strength
shear properties
residual magnetic field
Barkhausen noise
LCR circuits
plastic deformation
austenitic steel
steel fibre-reinforced concrete
steel fibres
waste sand properties
reinforced beam
shear cracking
shear capacity
non-destructive testing
damage detection
vibrations
modal analysis
continuous wavelet transform
concrete beam
strengthening
adhesive joint
debonding
S355 steel
uniaxial tensile test
strength properties
true stress-strain relationships
confining pressure
expansive clay
fiber
flexible wall permeameter
hydraulic conductivity
lime
rigid wall permeameter
concrete corrosion
concrete protection
steel corrosion
concrete durability
coating materials
masonry structures
autoclaved aerated concrete masonry units (AAC)
compressive strength
minor-destructive (MDT) techniques
non-destructive (NDT) techniques
ultrasonic testing
acoustoelastic effect (AE)
hydrostatic stresses
modeling
DIC technique
ready-mixed concrete
construction architecture material
inter-laboratory comparisons (ILC)
proficiency testing (PT)
concrete quality assessment
fracture mechanics
ductile fracture
material microstructure
void growth
FEM model
material testing
geodesic dome
seismic response
dynamic analysis
seismic analysis
high temperature
fire temperature
residual strength
heat accumulation factor
variational asymptotic method
reduced-order plate model
orthogrid-stiffened panel
free-vibration analysis
global buckling
steel plates
ultrasonic tomography
base material
rock
post-installed anchors
adhesive anchor
mechanical anchor
load-bearing capacity
GSI
RMR
rebound value
rebound hammer
semi-flexible pavement
fatigue resistance
cracking mechanism
fatigue prediction
fracture surface
cement–cellulose composites
ventilated façade
acoustic emission method
frequencies of acoustic emission signals
geosynthetic
design
pullout resistance
effective length
reinforced earth
clay bricks
cement lime mortar
infill masonry wall
destructive force
self-stressed anti-washout concrete
segment assembly
undrained strengthening
axial compression test
mechanical properties
CFRP grid
PCM
interface
mechanical model
pull-out test
finite element analysis
external walls
thermal measurements
R-value
thermal resistance
temperature-based method
heat flow meter method
infrared thermography method
3D textile composite
equivalent model
buckling analysis
interlaboratory comparison (ILC)
risk analysis
measurements uncertainty (MU)
ceramic tiles adhesive (CTA)
assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP)
construction product
market surveillance
artificial weathering testing in civil engineering
construction profiles
natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites
building performance assessment
microstructure analysis
stairs
masonry
clay brick
arch
vault
management
quality
light detection and ranging (LiDAR)
TLS
low-temperature construction additive
preparation method
volumetric properties
modification mechanism
mixture performance
bio-rejuvenated additive
100% rejuvenation
reclaimed asphalt pavement
regeneration mechanism
pavement performance
macro-strain mode
medium- and small-span bridges
wavelet transform
cross-correlation function
hygrothermal simulation
capillary active internal insulation
mould risk
moisture effects
subgrade
static load test
deformation modulus
reliability
fine-grain concrete
bond
industrial computed tomography
numerical simulation
xCT
rectangular profile
torsional stiffness
stiffness increase
research
guided waves
longitudinal wave
discrete element method
numerical modelling
dispersion curves
recycled aggregate concrete
sustainable aggregate
flexural strength
gradient boosting
random forest
ventilated facades
large-scale model
fibre cement boards
fire exposure
Bayesian approach
prestressing force
saw-cut method
assessment
pre-tensioned members
waste from enrichment of water-soluble ores
artificially supported mining method
backfill
activation
nanomodifier astralene
ultimate compressive strength
cement
air-entraining admixture
plasticizing
porosity
air-content
strength
freeze-thawing resistance
storage systems
looseness
stiffness
beam-end connection
bending
gap
clearance
plastic viscosity
yield stress
machine learning
volcanic soil
mechanical property
strength index
particle crushing
road engineering
pavement
fatigue
modules
FEM
light weight deflectometer
solid fired brick
defects in the internal structure
resonant pulse method
material durability
drying of soil
microwave heating
soil structure
computed microtomography
water content
buckling
stability
civil engineering
slender bars
columns
numerical analysis
variable cross-section
waste glass
recycling
construction materials
sustainable concrete
steel fiber
building material
fibers
mortar
hybrid
artificial neural networks
fibre-cement boards
acoustic emission
SEM
steel fibers
steel fiber-reinforced concrete
backfill mining
loading rate
cumulative ringing count
damage constitutive model
CFRP
bond–slip law
RC slab
retrofit
strengthen
self-compacting concrete
prediction models
FRP
continuous RC slab
optimal design
asphalt aging
material property
climate condition
pavement structure
field rut depth
precast concrete products
quality control
OC curve
AOQ curve
shear wave velocity
bender elements
triaxial testing
micromechanics
thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
Testing of Materials and Elements in Civil Engineering (2nd Edition)
title Testing of Materials and Elements in Civil Engineering (2nd Edition)
title_full Testing of Materials and Elements in Civil Engineering (2nd Edition)
title_fullStr Testing of Materials and Elements in Civil Engineering (2nd Edition)
title_full_unstemmed Testing of Materials and Elements in Civil Engineering (2nd Edition)
title_short Testing of Materials and Elements in Civil Engineering (2nd Edition)
title_sort testing of materials and elements in civil engineering 2nd edition
topic timber structures
estimating mechanical parameters
small clear specimens
non-destructive tests
semi-destructive tests
resistance drilling
ultrasonic wave
stress wave
visual grading
concrete
NDT
finite element method
experiment
automated inspection
frequency domain
validation
sulfate attack
physical and mechanical properties
damage model
microstructure
external thermal insulation systems
mechanical properties of bonds
polyurethane adhesive
timber frame building
bond strength
shear properties
residual magnetic field
Barkhausen noise
LCR circuits
plastic deformation
austenitic steel
steel fibre-reinforced concrete
steel fibres
waste sand properties
reinforced beam
shear cracking
shear capacity
non-destructive testing
damage detection
vibrations
modal analysis
continuous wavelet transform
concrete beam
strengthening
adhesive joint
debonding
S355 steel
uniaxial tensile test
strength properties
true stress-strain relationships
confining pressure
expansive clay
fiber
flexible wall permeameter
hydraulic conductivity
lime
rigid wall permeameter
concrete corrosion
concrete protection
steel corrosion
concrete durability
coating materials
masonry structures
autoclaved aerated concrete masonry units (AAC)
compressive strength
minor-destructive (MDT) techniques
non-destructive (NDT) techniques
ultrasonic testing
acoustoelastic effect (AE)
hydrostatic stresses
modeling
DIC technique
ready-mixed concrete
construction architecture material
inter-laboratory comparisons (ILC)
proficiency testing (PT)
concrete quality assessment
fracture mechanics
ductile fracture
material microstructure
void growth
FEM model
material testing
geodesic dome
seismic response
dynamic analysis
seismic analysis
high temperature
fire temperature
residual strength
heat accumulation factor
variational asymptotic method
reduced-order plate model
orthogrid-stiffened panel
free-vibration analysis
global buckling
steel plates
ultrasonic tomography
base material
rock
post-installed anchors
adhesive anchor
mechanical anchor
load-bearing capacity
GSI
RMR
rebound value
rebound hammer
semi-flexible pavement
fatigue resistance
cracking mechanism
fatigue prediction
fracture surface
cement–cellulose composites
ventilated façade
acoustic emission method
frequencies of acoustic emission signals
geosynthetic
design
pullout resistance
effective length
reinforced earth
clay bricks
cement lime mortar
infill masonry wall
destructive force
self-stressed anti-washout concrete
segment assembly
undrained strengthening
axial compression test
mechanical properties
CFRP grid
PCM
interface
mechanical model
pull-out test
finite element analysis
external walls
thermal measurements
R-value
thermal resistance
temperature-based method
heat flow meter method
infrared thermography method
3D textile composite
equivalent model
buckling analysis
interlaboratory comparison (ILC)
risk analysis
measurements uncertainty (MU)
ceramic tiles adhesive (CTA)
assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP)
construction product
market surveillance
artificial weathering testing in civil engineering
construction profiles
natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites
building performance assessment
microstructure analysis
stairs
masonry
clay brick
arch
vault
management
quality
light detection and ranging (LiDAR)
TLS
low-temperature construction additive
preparation method
volumetric properties
modification mechanism
mixture performance
bio-rejuvenated additive
100% rejuvenation
reclaimed asphalt pavement
regeneration mechanism
pavement performance
macro-strain mode
medium- and small-span bridges
wavelet transform
cross-correlation function
hygrothermal simulation
capillary active internal insulation
mould risk
moisture effects
subgrade
static load test
deformation modulus
reliability
fine-grain concrete
bond
industrial computed tomography
numerical simulation
xCT
rectangular profile
torsional stiffness
stiffness increase
research
guided waves
longitudinal wave
discrete element method
numerical modelling
dispersion curves
recycled aggregate concrete
sustainable aggregate
flexural strength
gradient boosting
random forest
ventilated facades
large-scale model
fibre cement boards
fire exposure
Bayesian approach
prestressing force
saw-cut method
assessment
pre-tensioned members
waste from enrichment of water-soluble ores
artificially supported mining method
backfill
activation
nanomodifier astralene
ultimate compressive strength
cement
air-entraining admixture
plasticizing
porosity
air-content
strength
freeze-thawing resistance
storage systems
looseness
stiffness
beam-end connection
bending
gap
clearance
plastic viscosity
yield stress
machine learning
volcanic soil
mechanical property
strength index
particle crushing
road engineering
pavement
fatigue
modules
FEM
light weight deflectometer
solid fired brick
defects in the internal structure
resonant pulse method
material durability
drying of soil
microwave heating
soil structure
computed microtomography
water content
buckling
stability
civil engineering
slender bars
columns
numerical analysis
variable cross-section
waste glass
recycling
construction materials
sustainable concrete
steel fiber
building material
fibers
mortar
hybrid
artificial neural networks
fibre-cement boards
acoustic emission
SEM
steel fibers
steel fiber-reinforced concrete
backfill mining
loading rate
cumulative ringing count
damage constitutive model
CFRP
bond–slip law
RC slab
retrofit
strengthen
self-compacting concrete
prediction models
FRP
continuous RC slab
optimal design
asphalt aging
material property
climate condition
pavement structure
field rut depth
precast concrete products
quality control
OC curve
AOQ curve
shear wave velocity
bender elements
triaxial testing
micromechanics
thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
topic_facet timber structures
estimating mechanical parameters
small clear specimens
non-destructive tests
semi-destructive tests
resistance drilling
ultrasonic wave
stress wave
visual grading
concrete
NDT
finite element method
experiment
automated inspection
frequency domain
validation
sulfate attack
physical and mechanical properties
damage model
microstructure
external thermal insulation systems
mechanical properties of bonds
polyurethane adhesive
timber frame building
bond strength
shear properties
residual magnetic field
Barkhausen noise
LCR circuits
plastic deformation
austenitic steel
steel fibre-reinforced concrete
steel fibres
waste sand properties
reinforced beam
shear cracking
shear capacity
non-destructive testing
damage detection
vibrations
modal analysis
continuous wavelet transform
concrete beam
strengthening
adhesive joint
debonding
S355 steel
uniaxial tensile test
strength properties
true stress-strain relationships
confining pressure
expansive clay
fiber
flexible wall permeameter
hydraulic conductivity
lime
rigid wall permeameter
concrete corrosion
concrete protection
steel corrosion
concrete durability
coating materials
masonry structures
autoclaved aerated concrete masonry units (AAC)
compressive strength
minor-destructive (MDT) techniques
non-destructive (NDT) techniques
ultrasonic testing
acoustoelastic effect (AE)
hydrostatic stresses
modeling
DIC technique
ready-mixed concrete
construction architecture material
inter-laboratory comparisons (ILC)
proficiency testing (PT)
concrete quality assessment
fracture mechanics
ductile fracture
material microstructure
void growth
FEM model
material testing
geodesic dome
seismic response
dynamic analysis
seismic analysis
high temperature
fire temperature
residual strength
heat accumulation factor
variational asymptotic method
reduced-order plate model
orthogrid-stiffened panel
free-vibration analysis
global buckling
steel plates
ultrasonic tomography
base material
rock
post-installed anchors
adhesive anchor
mechanical anchor
load-bearing capacity
GSI
RMR
rebound value
rebound hammer
semi-flexible pavement
fatigue resistance
cracking mechanism
fatigue prediction
fracture surface
cement–cellulose composites
ventilated façade
acoustic emission method
frequencies of acoustic emission signals
geosynthetic
design
pullout resistance
effective length
reinforced earth
clay bricks
cement lime mortar
infill masonry wall
destructive force
self-stressed anti-washout concrete
segment assembly
undrained strengthening
axial compression test
mechanical properties
CFRP grid
PCM
interface
mechanical model
pull-out test
finite element analysis
external walls
thermal measurements
R-value
thermal resistance
temperature-based method
heat flow meter method
infrared thermography method
3D textile composite
equivalent model
buckling analysis
interlaboratory comparison (ILC)
risk analysis
measurements uncertainty (MU)
ceramic tiles adhesive (CTA)
assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP)
construction product
market surveillance
artificial weathering testing in civil engineering
construction profiles
natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites
building performance assessment
microstructure analysis
stairs
masonry
clay brick
arch
vault
management
quality
light detection and ranging (LiDAR)
TLS
low-temperature construction additive
preparation method
volumetric properties
modification mechanism
mixture performance
bio-rejuvenated additive
100% rejuvenation
reclaimed asphalt pavement
regeneration mechanism
pavement performance
macro-strain mode
medium- and small-span bridges
wavelet transform
cross-correlation function
hygrothermal simulation
capillary active internal insulation
mould risk
moisture effects
subgrade
static load test
deformation modulus
reliability
fine-grain concrete
bond
industrial computed tomography
numerical simulation
xCT
rectangular profile
torsional stiffness
stiffness increase
research
guided waves
longitudinal wave
discrete element method
numerical modelling
dispersion curves
recycled aggregate concrete
sustainable aggregate
flexural strength
gradient boosting
random forest
ventilated facades
large-scale model
fibre cement boards
fire exposure
Bayesian approach
prestressing force
saw-cut method
assessment
pre-tensioned members
waste from enrichment of water-soluble ores
artificially supported mining method
backfill
activation
nanomodifier astralene
ultimate compressive strength
cement
air-entraining admixture
plasticizing
porosity
air-content
strength
freeze-thawing resistance
storage systems
looseness
stiffness
beam-end connection
bending
gap
clearance
plastic viscosity
yield stress
machine learning
volcanic soil
mechanical property
strength index
particle crushing
road engineering
pavement
fatigue
modules
FEM
light weight deflectometer
solid fired brick
defects in the internal structure
resonant pulse method
material durability
drying of soil
microwave heating
soil structure
computed microtomography
water content
buckling
stability
civil engineering
slender bars
columns
numerical analysis
variable cross-section
waste glass
recycling
construction materials
sustainable concrete
steel fiber
building material
fibers
mortar
hybrid
artificial neural networks
fibre-cement boards
acoustic emission
SEM
steel fibers
steel fiber-reinforced concrete
backfill mining
loading rate
cumulative ringing count
damage constitutive model
CFRP
bond–slip law
RC slab
retrofit
strengthen
self-compacting concrete
prediction models
FRP
continuous RC slab
optimal design
asphalt aging
material property
climate condition
pavement structure
field rut depth
precast concrete products
quality control
OC curve
AOQ curve
shear wave velocity
bender elements
triaxial testing
micromechanics
thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
url ONIX_20230808_9783036578880_16