Biological Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation, Biomolecular Condensates, and Membraneless Organelles

This reprint presents recent developments in the field of biological liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS, also known as biomolecular condensation). LLPS and related biogenesis of various membraneless organelles (MLOs) and biomolecular condensates (BMCs) represent fundamental molecular mechanisms go...

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collection Directory of Open Access Books
description This reprint presents recent developments in the field of biological liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS, also known as biomolecular condensation). LLPS and related biogenesis of various membraneless organelles (MLOs) and biomolecular condensates (BMCs) represent fundamental molecular mechanisms governing the spatio-temporal organization of the intracellular space. In fact, MLOs and BMCs, being liquid droplets, represent specific compartments within a cell that are not enclosed by a lipid membrane. Most biological LLPS processes are reversible, and many MLOs/BMCs exist transiently; they rapidly emerge when conditions are changed and rapidly disintegrate as soon as the original conditions are restored, thereby showing a characteristic “now you see me, now you don’t” behavior. Numerous MLOs/BMCs are found inside eukaryotic cells, where they exist as liquid droplets (or cellular bodies, puncta, etc.) in the cytoplasm, nucleoplasm, mitochondrial matrix, and stroma of chloroplasts. Furthermore, MLOs/BMCs are commonly observed in Archaea, bacteria, and, likely, viruses. MLOs/BMCs have numerous crucial functions, and their biogenesis is known to be controlled by various external factors and environmental cues, such as changes in temperature, pH, and ionic strength of the solution. All of these have garnered the close attention of many researchers to biological LLPS, MLOs, and BMCs.
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spelling doab-20.500.12854ir-1287662024-03-28T03:33:30Z Biological Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation, Biomolecular Condensates, and Membraneless Organelles Uversky, Vladimir N. Alzheimer’s disease amyloid aggregation lipid bilayer cholesterol time-lapse AFM imaging molecular dynamics liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) membraneless organelles phase-separated condensates human diseases liquid–liquid phase separation intrinsically disordered proteins proteins with low complexity P-body Nst1 polyampholyte domain aggregation-prone domain Saccharomyces cerevisiae membrane-less organelle nuclear speckle nucleolus phase separation chromatin organization nuclear condensate intrinsically disordered region transcription DNA damage repair super-enhancer quantitative imaging CTP synthase cytoophidium fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) stimulated emission depletion (STED) Drosophila epithelium follicle cell ingression paramyxoviruses Hendra virus amyloid-like fibrils Taylor Dispersion Analysis (TDA) negative staining Transmission Electron Microscopy (ns-TEM) Polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation assays Congo Red Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) actin actin polymerization actin-binding proteins coacervate membrane signaling proteins n/a thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences This reprint presents recent developments in the field of biological liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS, also known as biomolecular condensation). LLPS and related biogenesis of various membraneless organelles (MLOs) and biomolecular condensates (BMCs) represent fundamental molecular mechanisms governing the spatio-temporal organization of the intracellular space. In fact, MLOs and BMCs, being liquid droplets, represent specific compartments within a cell that are not enclosed by a lipid membrane. Most biological LLPS processes are reversible, and many MLOs/BMCs exist transiently; they rapidly emerge when conditions are changed and rapidly disintegrate as soon as the original conditions are restored, thereby showing a characteristic “now you see me, now you don’t” behavior. Numerous MLOs/BMCs are found inside eukaryotic cells, where they exist as liquid droplets (or cellular bodies, puncta, etc.) in the cytoplasm, nucleoplasm, mitochondrial matrix, and stroma of chloroplasts. Furthermore, MLOs/BMCs are commonly observed in Archaea, bacteria, and, likely, viruses. MLOs/BMCs have numerous crucial functions, and their biogenesis is known to be controlled by various external factors and environmental cues, such as changes in temperature, pH, and ionic strength of the solution. All of these have garnered the close attention of many researchers to biological LLPS, MLOs, and BMCs. 2023-11-30T20:50:55Z 2023-11-30T20:50:55Z 2023 book ONIX_20231130_9783036589312_218 9783036589312 9783036589305 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/128766 eng application/octet-stream Attribution 4.0 International https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/8231 https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/8231 MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 10.3390/books978-3-0365-8930-5 10.3390/books978-3-0365-8930-5 46cabcaa-dd94-4bfe-87b4-55023c1b36d0 9783036589312 9783036589305 202 Basel open access
spellingShingle Alzheimer’s disease
amyloid aggregation
lipid bilayer
cholesterol
time-lapse AFM imaging
molecular dynamics
liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS)
membraneless organelles
phase-separated condensates
human diseases
liquid–liquid phase separation
intrinsically disordered proteins
proteins with low complexity
P-body
Nst1
polyampholyte domain
aggregation-prone domain
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
membrane-less organelle
nuclear speckle
nucleolus
phase separation
chromatin organization
nuclear condensate
intrinsically disordered region
transcription
DNA damage repair
super-enhancer
quantitative imaging
CTP synthase
cytoophidium
fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP)
stimulated emission depletion (STED)
Drosophila
epithelium
follicle cell
ingression
paramyxoviruses
Hendra virus
amyloid-like fibrils
Taylor Dispersion Analysis (TDA)
negative staining Transmission Electron Microscopy (ns-TEM)
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation assays
Congo Red
Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS)
actin
actin polymerization
actin-binding proteins
coacervate
membrane
signaling proteins
n/a
thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
Biological Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation, Biomolecular Condensates, and Membraneless Organelles
title Biological Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation, Biomolecular Condensates, and Membraneless Organelles
title_full Biological Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation, Biomolecular Condensates, and Membraneless Organelles
title_fullStr Biological Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation, Biomolecular Condensates, and Membraneless Organelles
title_full_unstemmed Biological Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation, Biomolecular Condensates, and Membraneless Organelles
title_short Biological Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation, Biomolecular Condensates, and Membraneless Organelles
title_sort biological liquid liquid phase separation biomolecular condensates and membraneless organelles
topic Alzheimer’s disease
amyloid aggregation
lipid bilayer
cholesterol
time-lapse AFM imaging
molecular dynamics
liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS)
membraneless organelles
phase-separated condensates
human diseases
liquid–liquid phase separation
intrinsically disordered proteins
proteins with low complexity
P-body
Nst1
polyampholyte domain
aggregation-prone domain
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
membrane-less organelle
nuclear speckle
nucleolus
phase separation
chromatin organization
nuclear condensate
intrinsically disordered region
transcription
DNA damage repair
super-enhancer
quantitative imaging
CTP synthase
cytoophidium
fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP)
stimulated emission depletion (STED)
Drosophila
epithelium
follicle cell
ingression
paramyxoviruses
Hendra virus
amyloid-like fibrils
Taylor Dispersion Analysis (TDA)
negative staining Transmission Electron Microscopy (ns-TEM)
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation assays
Congo Red
Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS)
actin
actin polymerization
actin-binding proteins
coacervate
membrane
signaling proteins
n/a
thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
topic_facet Alzheimer’s disease
amyloid aggregation
lipid bilayer
cholesterol
time-lapse AFM imaging
molecular dynamics
liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS)
membraneless organelles
phase-separated condensates
human diseases
liquid–liquid phase separation
intrinsically disordered proteins
proteins with low complexity
P-body
Nst1
polyampholyte domain
aggregation-prone domain
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
membrane-less organelle
nuclear speckle
nucleolus
phase separation
chromatin organization
nuclear condensate
intrinsically disordered region
transcription
DNA damage repair
super-enhancer
quantitative imaging
CTP synthase
cytoophidium
fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP)
stimulated emission depletion (STED)
Drosophila
epithelium
follicle cell
ingression
paramyxoviruses
Hendra virus
amyloid-like fibrils
Taylor Dispersion Analysis (TDA)
negative staining Transmission Electron Microscopy (ns-TEM)
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation assays
Congo Red
Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS)
actin
actin polymerization
actin-binding proteins
coacervate
membrane
signaling proteins
n/a
thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
url ONIX_20231130_9783036589312_218