Recent Advances in Pneumonia in Older People

Despite the development of strong antibiotics, deaths from pneumonia are rapidly increasing due to population ageing. Since pneumonia deaths mainly affect older people, to overcome them, we should focus not only on pathogens, but also on host defense. Pathogens range from bacteria to viruses and unk...

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description Despite the development of strong antibiotics, deaths from pneumonia are rapidly increasing due to population ageing. Since pneumonia deaths mainly affect older people, to overcome them, we should focus not only on pathogens, but also on host defense. Pathogens range from bacteria to viruses and unknown, emerging infectious diseases. Host defense includes not only immune function, but also physical function and other physiological functions. Geriatric functional declines, such as sarcopenia, dysphagia, dystussia, and frailty, play pivotal roles in the development of pneumonia in older people. Therefore, in addition to pathogen-oriented therapy, function-oriented therapy emerges as the remedy for pneumonia in older people. Comprehensive approaches with a multidisciplinary team are also important. This Special Issue reveals the importance of skeletal muscle and interdisciplinary approaches in pneumonia in older people. Impaired pharyngeal sensitivity results in delays in triggering the swallowing reflex, which is the most serious problem caused by dysphagia. Ageing weakens pharyngeal sensitivity by affecting sensory receptors, the peripheral nervous system and microcirculation, resulting in altered detection, reduced sensory conduction and an abnormal efferent response. We believe that other ageing-related deteriorations in sensation are also involved in pneumonia in older people. The relationships between sensation impairment and pneumonia in older people thus become crucial topics for future research.
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spelling doab-20.500.12854ir-1376002024-05-14T13:42:12Z Recent Advances in Pneumonia in Older People Ebihara, Satoru Ebihara, Takae pneumonia healthcare-associated pneumonia epidemiology hospitalization Klebsiella pneumoniae gram-negative Portugal spinal cord injury systematic review incidence dysphagia aspiration screening water swallowing test Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability Gugging Swallowing Screen swallowing disorder diagnosis differential community-acquired pneumonia CAP frailty % predicted value forced vital capacity mortality muscle strength older people cohort study aspiration pneumonia pneumonia-related sarcopenia TRP agonist nutrition time-axis hospital admission length of stay readmission physical activity post-extubation maximum tongue pressure (MTP) oral intake rehabilitation elderly emergency patients swallowing impairment anaerobe anaerobic coverage antibiotic treatment forced vital capacity pneumonia mortality sarcopenia n/a thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology::MKGW Psychopharmacology Despite the development of strong antibiotics, deaths from pneumonia are rapidly increasing due to population ageing. Since pneumonia deaths mainly affect older people, to overcome them, we should focus not only on pathogens, but also on host defense. Pathogens range from bacteria to viruses and unknown, emerging infectious diseases. Host defense includes not only immune function, but also physical function and other physiological functions. Geriatric functional declines, such as sarcopenia, dysphagia, dystussia, and frailty, play pivotal roles in the development of pneumonia in older people. Therefore, in addition to pathogen-oriented therapy, function-oriented therapy emerges as the remedy for pneumonia in older people. Comprehensive approaches with a multidisciplinary team are also important. This Special Issue reveals the importance of skeletal muscle and interdisciplinary approaches in pneumonia in older people. Impaired pharyngeal sensitivity results in delays in triggering the swallowing reflex, which is the most serious problem caused by dysphagia. Ageing weakens pharyngeal sensitivity by affecting sensory receptors, the peripheral nervous system and microcirculation, resulting in altered detection, reduced sensory conduction and an abnormal efferent response. We believe that other ageing-related deteriorations in sensation are also involved in pneumonia in older people. The relationships between sensation impairment and pneumonia in older people thus become crucial topics for future research. 2024-05-14T13:42:07Z 2024-05-14T13:42:07Z 2024 book ONIX_20240514_9783036598512_200 9783036598512 9783036598529 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/137600 eng application/octet-stream Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/8786 https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/8786 MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 10.3390/books978-3-0365-9852-9 10.3390/books978-3-0365-9852-9 46cabcaa-dd94-4bfe-87b4-55023c1b36d0 9783036598512 9783036598529 136 open access
spellingShingle pneumonia
healthcare-associated pneumonia
epidemiology
hospitalization
Klebsiella pneumoniae
gram-negative
Portugal
spinal cord injury
systematic review
incidence
dysphagia
aspiration
screening
water swallowing test
Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability
Gugging Swallowing Screen
swallowing disorder
diagnosis
differential
community-acquired pneumonia
CAP
frailty
% predicted value forced vital capacity
mortality
muscle strength
older people
cohort study
aspiration pneumonia
pneumonia-related sarcopenia
TRP agonist
nutrition
time-axis
hospital admission
length of stay
readmission
physical activity
post-extubation
maximum tongue pressure (MTP)
oral intake
rehabilitation
elderly emergency patients
swallowing impairment
anaerobe
anaerobic coverage
antibiotic
treatment
forced vital capacity
pneumonia mortality
sarcopenia
n/a
thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology::MKGW Psychopharmacology
Recent Advances in Pneumonia in Older People
title Recent Advances in Pneumonia in Older People
title_full Recent Advances in Pneumonia in Older People
title_fullStr Recent Advances in Pneumonia in Older People
title_full_unstemmed Recent Advances in Pneumonia in Older People
title_short Recent Advances in Pneumonia in Older People
title_sort recent advances in pneumonia in older people
topic pneumonia
healthcare-associated pneumonia
epidemiology
hospitalization
Klebsiella pneumoniae
gram-negative
Portugal
spinal cord injury
systematic review
incidence
dysphagia
aspiration
screening
water swallowing test
Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability
Gugging Swallowing Screen
swallowing disorder
diagnosis
differential
community-acquired pneumonia
CAP
frailty
% predicted value forced vital capacity
mortality
muscle strength
older people
cohort study
aspiration pneumonia
pneumonia-related sarcopenia
TRP agonist
nutrition
time-axis
hospital admission
length of stay
readmission
physical activity
post-extubation
maximum tongue pressure (MTP)
oral intake
rehabilitation
elderly emergency patients
swallowing impairment
anaerobe
anaerobic coverage
antibiotic
treatment
forced vital capacity
pneumonia mortality
sarcopenia
n/a
thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology::MKGW Psychopharmacology
topic_facet pneumonia
healthcare-associated pneumonia
epidemiology
hospitalization
Klebsiella pneumoniae
gram-negative
Portugal
spinal cord injury
systematic review
incidence
dysphagia
aspiration
screening
water swallowing test
Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability
Gugging Swallowing Screen
swallowing disorder
diagnosis
differential
community-acquired pneumonia
CAP
frailty
% predicted value forced vital capacity
mortality
muscle strength
older people
cohort study
aspiration pneumonia
pneumonia-related sarcopenia
TRP agonist
nutrition
time-axis
hospital admission
length of stay
readmission
physical activity
post-extubation
maximum tongue pressure (MTP)
oral intake
rehabilitation
elderly emergency patients
swallowing impairment
anaerobe
anaerobic coverage
antibiotic
treatment
forced vital capacity
pneumonia mortality
sarcopenia
n/a
thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology::MKGW Psychopharmacology
url ONIX_20240514_9783036598512_200