Chapter Alternative forms of remuneration at the Holy Spirit Hospital of Marseille in the Fourteenth century
The monetisation of exchanges tends to favour economic development, yet many forms of payment persisted throughout the preindustrial era despite rapid growth. Services in particular were remunerated in a variety of forms which depended on the particular relationship between the employer and the work...
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| Формат: | Online |
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Firenze University Press
2025
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| Онлайн хандалт: | ONIX_20241220_9791221503470_209 |
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Шошго байхгүй, Энэхүү баримтыг шошголох эхний хүн болох!
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| _version_ | 1869530381054640128 |
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| author | Braid, Robert |
| author_browse | Braid, Robert |
| author_facet | Braid, Robert |
| author_sort | Braid, Robert |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | The monetisation of exchanges tends to favour economic development, yet many forms of payment persisted throughout the preindustrial era despite rapid growth. Services in particular were remunerated in a variety of forms which depended on the particular relationship between the employer and the worker. The evolution in the composition of wages impacted social relations and structures as much as standards of living. Through an extensive examination of its account registers as well as local legislation, this paper analyses the variety of ways the Holy Spirit Hospital of Marseille remunerated individuals it employed as doctors, surgeons, scribes, wet-nurses, domestic servants, artisans and casual laborers. Workers who lived separately from the hospital were usually paid only in cash, while employees who were part of the household could receive cloth, shoes, clothing, meals, housing and medical care in addition to a cash salary. Contrary to what historians have observed in other regions, the share of in-kind payments did not increase after the Black Death for casual agricultural workers, who were paid in cash through this period. Only construction workers started to receive meals in addition to wages in the 1360s. Domestic and agricultural servants, however, received fewer in-kind payments after the epidemic. More importantly, this study reveals the numerous services that were provided by individuals for strikingly below-market rates. It is argued that the hospital was able to significantly lower operating costs by offering individuals social currency, intangible benefits instead of cash or in-kind payments, in exchange for numerous and valuable services. After the Black Death, however, the value of social currency decreased relative to other forms of payment. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-150205 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | Firenze University Press |
| publisherStr | Firenze University Press |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-1502052025-07-21T15:44:01Z Chapter Alternative forms of remuneration at the Holy Spirit Hospital of Marseille in the Fourteenth century Braid, Robert remuneration social currency labourers servants volunteers Middle Ages Marseille thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history The monetisation of exchanges tends to favour economic development, yet many forms of payment persisted throughout the preindustrial era despite rapid growth. Services in particular were remunerated in a variety of forms which depended on the particular relationship between the employer and the worker. The evolution in the composition of wages impacted social relations and structures as much as standards of living. Through an extensive examination of its account registers as well as local legislation, this paper analyses the variety of ways the Holy Spirit Hospital of Marseille remunerated individuals it employed as doctors, surgeons, scribes, wet-nurses, domestic servants, artisans and casual laborers. Workers who lived separately from the hospital were usually paid only in cash, while employees who were part of the household could receive cloth, shoes, clothing, meals, housing and medical care in addition to a cash salary. Contrary to what historians have observed in other regions, the share of in-kind payments did not increase after the Black Death for casual agricultural workers, who were paid in cash through this period. Only construction workers started to receive meals in addition to wages in the 1360s. Domestic and agricultural servants, however, received fewer in-kind payments after the epidemic. More importantly, this study reveals the numerous services that were provided by individuals for strikingly below-market rates. It is argued that the hospital was able to significantly lower operating costs by offering individuals social currency, intangible benefits instead of cash or in-kind payments, in exchange for numerous and valuable services. After the Black Death, however, the value of social currency decreased relative to other forms of payment. 2025-01-21T21:38:22Z 2025-01-21T21:38:22Z 2024-12-20T12:35:18Z 2024 chapter ONIX_20241220_9791221503470_209 2975-1195 https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/96414 9791221503470 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/150205 eng Datini Studies in Economic History open access image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/96414/1/41421.pdf Firenze University Press 10.36253/979-12-215-0347-0.08 10.36253/979-12-215-0347-0.08 2ec4474d-93b1-4cfa-b313-9c6019b51b1a 9791221503470 27 Florence open access |
| spellingShingle | remuneration social currency labourers servants volunteers Middle Ages Marseille thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history Braid, Robert Chapter Alternative forms of remuneration at the Holy Spirit Hospital of Marseille in the Fourteenth century |
| title | Chapter Alternative forms of remuneration at the Holy Spirit Hospital of Marseille in the Fourteenth century |
| title_full | Chapter Alternative forms of remuneration at the Holy Spirit Hospital of Marseille in the Fourteenth century |
| title_fullStr | Chapter Alternative forms of remuneration at the Holy Spirit Hospital of Marseille in the Fourteenth century |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chapter Alternative forms of remuneration at the Holy Spirit Hospital of Marseille in the Fourteenth century |
| title_short | Chapter Alternative forms of remuneration at the Holy Spirit Hospital of Marseille in the Fourteenth century |
| title_sort | chapter alternative forms of remuneration at the holy spirit hospital of marseille in the fourteenth century |
| topic | remuneration social currency labourers servants volunteers Middle Ages Marseille thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history |
| topic_facet | remuneration social currency labourers servants volunteers Middle Ages Marseille thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history |
| url | ONIX_20241220_9791221503470_209 |
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