Chapter “Personal matters” of the officials in the Grodno province during the reign of Nicholas I based on archival materials of the National Historical Archives of Belarus in Grodno”
As a consequence of the partitions and the annexation of the eastern lands of the Commonwealth, the citizens of the former Polish territory found themselves within the borders of the Russian Empire and became the subjects of the tsar. The government’s policy was aimed at transforming the annexed lan...
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| Fformat: | Online |
| Iaith: | Pwyleg |
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Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
2025
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| Mynediad Ar-lein: | ONIX_20250307_9788381428453_665 |
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Dim Tagiau, Byddwch y cyntaf i dagio'r cofnod hwn!
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| _version_ | 1869525676964446208 |
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| author | Kowalik, Jolanta |
| author_browse | Kowalik, Jolanta |
| author_facet | Kowalik, Jolanta |
| author_sort | Kowalik, Jolanta |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | As a consequence of the partitions and the annexation of the eastern lands of the Commonwealth, the citizens of the former Polish territory found themselves within the borders of the Russian Empire and became the subjects of the tsar. The government’s policy was aimed at transforming the annexed lands to the Russian manner, especially in the administrative aspect, and also consequently in the legislative one. The new reality forced people to change sovereignty and loyalty to a new monarch. Polish officials employed in the administration subordinate to the Russian authorities became a part of the same bureaucratic system as in Russia. The aim of the article is to present the social situation of officials from the Grodno province employed in the local administration during the reign of Tsar Nicholas I. I particularly focused on the officials from the lower positions. Analyzing the archival materials such as personal forms (formal conspiracies) or official correspondence found in the National Historical Archives of Belarus in Grodno, allowed me to stress the most important problems that representatives of this professional group were facing. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-155240 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | pol |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego |
| publisherStr | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-1552402025-03-07T14:02:39Z Chapter “Personal matters” of the officials in the Grodno province during the reign of Nicholas I based on archival materials of the National Historical Archives of Belarus in Grodno” Kowalik, Jolanta As a consequence of the partitions and the annexation of the eastern lands of the Commonwealth, the citizens of the former Polish territory found themselves within the borders of the Russian Empire and became the subjects of the tsar. The government’s policy was aimed at transforming the annexed lands to the Russian manner, especially in the administrative aspect, and also consequently in the legislative one. The new reality forced people to change sovereignty and loyalty to a new monarch. Polish officials employed in the administration subordinate to the Russian authorities became a part of the same bureaucratic system as in Russia. The aim of the article is to present the social situation of officials from the Grodno province employed in the local administration during the reign of Tsar Nicholas I. I particularly focused on the officials from the lower positions. Analyzing the archival materials such as personal forms (formal conspiracies) or official correspondence found in the National Historical Archives of Belarus in Grodno, allowed me to stress the most important problems that representatives of this professional group were facing. 2025-03-07T14:02:38Z 2025-03-07T14:02:38Z 2021 chapter ONIX_20250307_9788381428453_665 9788381428453 9788381428446 9788365171504 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/155240 pol image/jpeg Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International https://www.press.uni.lodz.pl/index.php/wul/catalog/book/417 Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego 10.18778/8142-844-6.05 As a consequence of the partitions and the annexation of the eastern lands of the Commonwealth, the citizens of the former Polish territory found themselves within the borders of the Russian Empire and became the subjects of the tsar. The government’s policy was aimed at transforming the annexed lands to the Russian manner, especially in the administrative aspect, and also consequently in the legislative one. The new reality forced people to change sovereignty and loyalty to a new monarch. Polish officials employed in the administration subordinate to the Russian authorities became a part of the same bureaucratic system as in Russia. The aim of the article is to present the social situation of officials from the Grodno province employed in the local administration during the reign of Tsar Nicholas I. I particularly focused on the officials from the lower positions. Analyzing the archival materials such as personal forms (formal conspiracies) or official correspondence found in the National Historical Archives of Belarus in Grodno, allowed me to stress the most important problems that representatives of this professional group were facing. 10.18778/8142-844-6.05 83bfe9c9-323d-4283-b087-d859fd9af314 9788381428453 9788381428446 9788365171504 75-88 open access |
| spellingShingle | Kowalik, Jolanta Chapter “Personal matters” of the officials in the Grodno province during the reign of Nicholas I based on archival materials of the National Historical Archives of Belarus in Grodno” |
| title | Chapter “Personal matters” of the officials in the Grodno province during the reign of Nicholas I based on archival materials of the National Historical Archives of Belarus in Grodno” |
| title_full | Chapter “Personal matters” of the officials in the Grodno province during the reign of Nicholas I based on archival materials of the National Historical Archives of Belarus in Grodno” |
| title_fullStr | Chapter “Personal matters” of the officials in the Grodno province during the reign of Nicholas I based on archival materials of the National Historical Archives of Belarus in Grodno” |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chapter “Personal matters” of the officials in the Grodno province during the reign of Nicholas I based on archival materials of the National Historical Archives of Belarus in Grodno” |
| title_short | Chapter “Personal matters” of the officials in the Grodno province during the reign of Nicholas I based on archival materials of the National Historical Archives of Belarus in Grodno” |
| title_sort | chapter personal matters of the officials in the grodno province during the reign of nicholas i based on archival materials of the national historical archives of belarus in grodno |
| url | ONIX_20250307_9788381428453_665 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kowalikjolanta chapterpersonalmattersoftheofficialsinthegrodnoprovinceduringthereignofnicholasibasedonarchivalmaterialsofthenationalhistoricalarchivesofbelarusingrodno |