Chapter Experiences and conclusions from the military use of the Great Masurian Lakes area in the 20th century
In the eastern part of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, lies the Land of the Great Masurian Lakes. The line of these lakes during the First World War crossed the roads leading from the east into the German Reich, forcing the Russian army to circumvent it in 1914 and contributed to their defeat. In...
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| Hōputu: | Online |
| Reo: | Pōrihi |
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Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
2025
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| Urunga tuihono: | ONIX_20250307_9788382200560_824 |
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Kāore He Tūtohu, Me noho koe te mea tuatahi ki te tūtohu i tēnei pūkete!
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| _version_ | 1869530080678510592 |
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| author | Bolesław Łach, Wiesław |
| author_browse | Bolesław Łach, Wiesław |
| author_facet | Bolesław Łach, Wiesław |
| author_sort | Bolesław Łach, Wiesław |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | In the eastern part of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, lies the Land of the Great Masurian Lakes. The line of these lakes during the First World War crossed the roads leading from the east into the German Reich, forcing the Russian army to circumvent it in 1914 and contributed to their defeat. In 1915, this entire natural defensive line was modernized and was ready for combat. However, in the interwar period it was additionally strengthened with a new fortification system. In 1940, the work started, in addition to expanding the existing fortification system, included the construction of a group of command posts for central state and military authorities (including headquarters for Adolf Hitler near Kętrzyn). In 1944, Germany prepared intensively for defense, expanding its fortification system, hoping that Masurian lakes would become the axis of defense. However, the nature of the combat operations in 1945 differed fundamentally from the 1914 fights. The Red Army broke the fortifications of the German defensive lines by maneuvering and destroying the areas of resistance. After the World War II, the lake area was within the Polish state. The army took over Gὅring’s headquarters in Broad Bor creating ammunition stores. The training ground in Orzysz and barracks facilities were used to locate military units in Węgorzewo and Giżycko. In the 1960s, using the natural conditions of the lakes, the 32nd Brigade of operational-tactical missiles was located in Orzysz. The close location of the Polish border with Russia in the 1990s meant that a German inventory of German fortifications and military facilities was carried out, and the Great Masurian Lakes are treated as an axis of possible tactical operations in northern Poland. The character of stationed units, which are operational in nature, has changed, and the training ground in Orzysz has become the base of allied forces. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-155399 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | pol |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego |
| publisherStr | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-1553992025-03-07T14:12:50Z Chapter Experiences and conclusions from the military use of the Great Masurian Lakes area in the 20th century Bolesław Łach, Wiesław In the eastern part of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, lies the Land of the Great Masurian Lakes. The line of these lakes during the First World War crossed the roads leading from the east into the German Reich, forcing the Russian army to circumvent it in 1914 and contributed to their defeat. In 1915, this entire natural defensive line was modernized and was ready for combat. However, in the interwar period it was additionally strengthened with a new fortification system. In 1940, the work started, in addition to expanding the existing fortification system, included the construction of a group of command posts for central state and military authorities (including headquarters for Adolf Hitler near Kętrzyn). In 1944, Germany prepared intensively for defense, expanding its fortification system, hoping that Masurian lakes would become the axis of defense. However, the nature of the combat operations in 1945 differed fundamentally from the 1914 fights. The Red Army broke the fortifications of the German defensive lines by maneuvering and destroying the areas of resistance. After the World War II, the lake area was within the Polish state. The army took over Gὅring’s headquarters in Broad Bor creating ammunition stores. The training ground in Orzysz and barracks facilities were used to locate military units in Węgorzewo and Giżycko. In the 1960s, using the natural conditions of the lakes, the 32nd Brigade of operational-tactical missiles was located in Orzysz. The close location of the Polish border with Russia in the 1990s meant that a German inventory of German fortifications and military facilities was carried out, and the Great Masurian Lakes are treated as an axis of possible tactical operations in northern Poland. The character of stationed units, which are operational in nature, has changed, and the training ground in Orzysz has become the base of allied forces. 2025-03-07T14:12:48Z 2025-03-07T14:12:48Z 2020 chapter ONIX_20250307_9788382200560_824 9788382200560 9788382200553 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/155399 pol image/jpeg Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International https://www.press.uni.lodz.pl/index.php/wul/catalog/book/244 Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego 10.18778/8220-055-3.11 In the eastern part of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, lies the Land of the Great Masurian Lakes. The line of these lakes during the First World War crossed the roads leading from the east into the German Reich, forcing the Russian army to circumvent it in 1914 and contributed to their defeat. In 1915, this entire natural defensive line was modernized and was ready for combat. However, in the interwar period it was additionally strengthened with a new fortification system. In 1940, the work started, in addition to expanding the existing fortification system, included the construction of a group of command posts for central state and military authorities (including headquarters for Adolf Hitler near Kętrzyn). In 1944, Germany prepared intensively for defense, expanding its fortification system, hoping that Masurian lakes would become the axis of defense. However, the nature of the combat operations in 1945 differed fundamentally from the 1914 fights. The Red Army broke the fortifications of the German defensive lines by maneuvering and destroying the areas of resistance. After the World War II, the lake area was within the Polish state. The army took over Gὅring’s headquarters in Broad Bor creating ammunition stores. The training ground in Orzysz and barracks facilities were used to locate military units in Węgorzewo and Giżycko. In the 1960s, using the natural conditions of the lakes, the 32nd Brigade of operational-tactical missiles was located in Orzysz. The close location of the Polish border with Russia in the 1990s meant that a German inventory of German fortifications and military facilities was carried out, and the Great Masurian Lakes are treated as an axis of possible tactical operations in northern Poland. The character of stationed units, which are operational in nature, has changed, and the training ground in Orzysz has become the base of allied forces. 10.18778/8220-055-3.11 83bfe9c9-323d-4283-b087-d859fd9af314 9788382200560 9788382200553 155-171 open access |
| spellingShingle | Bolesław Łach, Wiesław Chapter Experiences and conclusions from the military use of the Great Masurian Lakes area in the 20th century |
| title | Chapter Experiences and conclusions from the military use of the Great Masurian Lakes area in the 20th century |
| title_full | Chapter Experiences and conclusions from the military use of the Great Masurian Lakes area in the 20th century |
| title_fullStr | Chapter Experiences and conclusions from the military use of the Great Masurian Lakes area in the 20th century |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chapter Experiences and conclusions from the military use of the Great Masurian Lakes area in the 20th century |
| title_short | Chapter Experiences and conclusions from the military use of the Great Masurian Lakes area in the 20th century |
| title_sort | chapter experiences and conclusions from the military use of the great masurian lakes area in the 20th century |
| url | ONIX_20250307_9788382200560_824 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bolesławłachwiesław chapterexperiencesandconclusionsfromthemilitaryuseofthegreatmasurianlakesareainthe20thcentury |