Chapter Hatred Without Borders. Anti-German Sentiments in the Kingdom of Poland before 1914 and Russian War Propaganda during the Great War in Light of Diplomatic Reports

Anti-German war propaganda in the Russian part of partitioned Poland was based on the very strong anti-German resentments prevailing among the Polish subjects of the Tsar Nicolai II long before 1914. Among other things, man accused the Germans of being responsible for the outbreak of war and committ...

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Hoofdauteur: Szlanta, Piotr
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Gepubliceerd in: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego 2025
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author Szlanta, Piotr
author_browse Szlanta, Piotr
author_facet Szlanta, Piotr
author_sort Szlanta, Piotr
collection Directory of Open Access Books
description Anti-German war propaganda in the Russian part of partitioned Poland was based on the very strong anti-German resentments prevailing among the Polish subjects of the Tsar Nicolai II long before 1914. Among other things, man accused the Germans of being responsible for the outbreak of war and committing war crimes against civilians for example in Kalisz. Such social attitudes were mostly a reaction to the Germanization policy consistently practiced in the Prussian part of partition Poland in the decades preceding the outbreak of the Great War. Resentment or even hostility toward Germany intensified during the revolutions of 1905–907, when Polish public opinion accused the Germans of blocking the Tsar's restoration of the autonomy of the Kingdom of Poland and readiness to intervene militarily to obstruct that. Resentment against the Germans was cumulative in the person of Kaiser Wilhelm II, who bore personal responsibility for the policy of denationalization of his Polish subjects. This made itself known, among other things, during the jubilee of the 25th anniversary of the reign of the German monarch in June 1913. Anti-German sentiment in Polish society was also fueled by the strongest Polish political grouping, namely National Democracy. The Russian authorities often tolerated anti-German sentiment among Poles, which was intended to divert attention of Poles from the policy of Russification practiced in the Russian part of partitioned Poland and allowed the channeling of Polish discontent in a relatively safe way for the authorities.
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spelling doab-20.500.12854ir-1563372025-03-07T15:11:37Z Chapter Hatred Without Borders. Anti-German Sentiments in the Kingdom of Poland before 1914 and Russian War Propaganda during the Great War in Light of Diplomatic Reports Szlanta, Piotr tools of war Blue Army Roman military ancient siege art Polish medieval cavalry urban arsenals guerrilla warfare military industry General Aleksander Litwinowicz imagology engineering troops war propaganda Middle East World War II Aviation Polish-Bolshevik war IRA Arab League Anti-German war propaganda in the Russian part of partitioned Poland was based on the very strong anti-German resentments prevailing among the Polish subjects of the Tsar Nicolai II long before 1914. Among other things, man accused the Germans of being responsible for the outbreak of war and committing war crimes against civilians for example in Kalisz. Such social attitudes were mostly a reaction to the Germanization policy consistently practiced in the Prussian part of partition Poland in the decades preceding the outbreak of the Great War. Resentment or even hostility toward Germany intensified during the revolutions of 1905–907, when Polish public opinion accused the Germans of blocking the Tsar's restoration of the autonomy of the Kingdom of Poland and readiness to intervene militarily to obstruct that. Resentment against the Germans was cumulative in the person of Kaiser Wilhelm II, who bore personal responsibility for the policy of denationalization of his Polish subjects. This made itself known, among other things, during the jubilee of the 25th anniversary of the reign of the German monarch in June 1913. Anti-German sentiment in Polish society was also fueled by the strongest Polish political grouping, namely National Democracy. The Russian authorities often tolerated anti-German sentiment among Poles, which was intended to divert attention of Poles from the policy of Russification practiced in the Russian part of partitioned Poland and allowed the channeling of Polish discontent in a relatively safe way for the authorities. 2025-03-07T15:11:32Z 2025-03-07T15:11:32Z 2023 chapter ONIX_20250307_9788383313733_1987 9788383313733 9788383313726 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/156337 pol image/jpeg Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International https://www.press.uni.lodz.pl/index.php/wul/catalog/book/815 Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego 10.18778/8331-372-6.05 Anti-German war propaganda in the Russian part of partitioned Poland was based on the very strong anti-German resentments prevailing among the Polish subjects of the Tsar Nicolai II long before 1914. Among other things, man accused the Germans of being responsible for the outbreak of war and committing war crimes against civilians for example in Kalisz. Such social attitudes were mostly a reaction to the Germanization policy consistently practiced in the Prussian part of partition Poland in the decades preceding the outbreak of the Great War. Resentment or even hostility toward Germany intensified during the revolutions of 1905–907, when Polish public opinion accused the Germans of blocking the Tsar's restoration of the autonomy of the Kingdom of Poland and readiness to intervene militarily to obstruct that. Resentment against the Germans was cumulative in the person of Kaiser Wilhelm II, who bore personal responsibility for the policy of denationalization of his Polish subjects. This made itself known, among other things, during the jubilee of the 25th anniversary of the reign of the German monarch in June 1913. Anti-German sentiment in Polish society was also fueled by the strongest Polish political grouping, namely National Democracy. The Russian authorities often tolerated anti-German sentiment among Poles, which was intended to divert attention of Poles from the policy of Russification practiced in the Russian part of partitioned Poland and allowed the channeling of Polish discontent in a relatively safe way for the authorities. 10.18778/8331-372-6.05 83bfe9c9-323d-4283-b087-d859fd9af314 9788383313733 9788383313726 67-85 open access
spellingShingle tools of war
Blue Army
Roman military
ancient siege art
Polish medieval cavalry
urban arsenals
guerrilla warfare
military industry
General Aleksander Litwinowicz
imagology engineering troops
war propaganda
Middle East
World War II
Aviation
Polish-Bolshevik war
IRA
Arab League
Szlanta, Piotr
Chapter Hatred Without Borders. Anti-German Sentiments in the Kingdom of Poland before 1914 and Russian War Propaganda during the Great War in Light of Diplomatic Reports
title Chapter Hatred Without Borders. Anti-German Sentiments in the Kingdom of Poland before 1914 and Russian War Propaganda during the Great War in Light of Diplomatic Reports
title_full Chapter Hatred Without Borders. Anti-German Sentiments in the Kingdom of Poland before 1914 and Russian War Propaganda during the Great War in Light of Diplomatic Reports
title_fullStr Chapter Hatred Without Borders. Anti-German Sentiments in the Kingdom of Poland before 1914 and Russian War Propaganda during the Great War in Light of Diplomatic Reports
title_full_unstemmed Chapter Hatred Without Borders. Anti-German Sentiments in the Kingdom of Poland before 1914 and Russian War Propaganda during the Great War in Light of Diplomatic Reports
title_short Chapter Hatred Without Borders. Anti-German Sentiments in the Kingdom of Poland before 1914 and Russian War Propaganda during the Great War in Light of Diplomatic Reports
title_sort chapter hatred without borders anti german sentiments in the kingdom of poland before 1914 and russian war propaganda during the great war in light of diplomatic reports
topic tools of war
Blue Army
Roman military
ancient siege art
Polish medieval cavalry
urban arsenals
guerrilla warfare
military industry
General Aleksander Litwinowicz
imagology engineering troops
war propaganda
Middle East
World War II
Aviation
Polish-Bolshevik war
IRA
Arab League
topic_facet tools of war
Blue Army
Roman military
ancient siege art
Polish medieval cavalry
urban arsenals
guerrilla warfare
military industry
General Aleksander Litwinowicz
imagology engineering troops
war propaganda
Middle East
World War II
Aviation
Polish-Bolshevik war
IRA
Arab League
url ONIX_20250307_9788383313733_1987
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