Désir de persévérer dans l’être et mort volontaire chez Nicole Oresme

In his commentary on Aristotle’s Physics, Nicole Oresme raises a question that he is apparently the first to ask in these terms, in such a context: do all beings have the desire to persevere into being? Before him, this question is not found in any of the medieval commentaries on Aristotle’s Physics...

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author Robert, Aurélien
author_browse Robert, Aurélien
author_facet Robert, Aurélien
author_sort Robert, Aurélien
collection Directory of Open Access Books
description In his commentary on Aristotle’s Physics, Nicole Oresme raises a question that he is apparently the first to ask in these terms, in such a context: do all beings have the desire to persevere into being? Before him, this question is not found in any of the medieval commentaries on Aristotle’s Physics. But after him it became canonical until at least the 16th century, since it can be found in Pietro Pomponazzi’s works for example. The novelty here consists in questioning the validity of Averroes’ thesis, in his own commentary on the Physics, according to which all beings have the desire to persist into being, using the Augustinian analysis of voluntary death and suicide. How can we explain that one can freely put an end to his days if he is naturally inclined by a desire for life and even for eternity? Oresme’s solution consists in justifying not only the possibility, but also the moral obligation to accept death under certain conditions. In most cases, we do not really want to die. The desperate man wishes to cancel his misfortune and the heroic man who sacrifices himself for his country wishes to immortalize himself in the memory of other men. From a moral point of view, Nicole Oresme justifies only one case of voluntary death: that of individual sacrifice for the common good. The aim of this paper is to analyze precisely this important turning point in the long history of the notion of conatus in the West by comparing this quaestio from the commentary on the Physics with the glosses that accompany the French translation of the Nicomachean Ethics realised by Oresme at the court of Charles V.
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spelling doab-20.500.12854ir-1661612025-08-24T09:48:56Z Désir de persévérer dans l’être et mort volontaire chez Nicole Oresme Robert, Aurélien Nicole Oresme Physics Pietro Pomponazzi death suicide being thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHF Medieval Western philosophy In his commentary on Aristotle’s Physics, Nicole Oresme raises a question that he is apparently the first to ask in these terms, in such a context: do all beings have the desire to persevere into being? Before him, this question is not found in any of the medieval commentaries on Aristotle’s Physics. But after him it became canonical until at least the 16th century, since it can be found in Pietro Pomponazzi’s works for example. The novelty here consists in questioning the validity of Averroes’ thesis, in his own commentary on the Physics, according to which all beings have the desire to persist into being, using the Augustinian analysis of voluntary death and suicide. How can we explain that one can freely put an end to his days if he is naturally inclined by a desire for life and even for eternity? Oresme’s solution consists in justifying not only the possibility, but also the moral obligation to accept death under certain conditions. In most cases, we do not really want to die. The desperate man wishes to cancel his misfortune and the heroic man who sacrifices himself for his country wishes to immortalize himself in the memory of other men. From a moral point of view, Nicole Oresme justifies only one case of voluntary death: that of individual sacrifice for the common good. The aim of this paper is to analyze precisely this important turning point in the long history of the notion of conatus in the West by comparing this quaestio from the commentary on the Physics with the glosses that accompany the French translation of the Nicomachean Ethics realised by Oresme at the court of Charles V. Published 2025-08-24T09:48:54Z 2025-08-24T09:48:54Z 2019-02-01 chapter 9788875903169 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/166161 fre Quaderni di Noctua image/jpeg application/pdf Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International https://dx.doi.org/10.14640/QuadernidiNoctua5-7 https://dx.doi.org/10.14640/QuadernidiNoctua5-7 E-theca OnLineOpenAccess Edizioni Tra antichità e modernità. Studi di storia della filosofia medievale e rinascimentale E-theca OnLineOpenAccess Edizioni, Università degli Studi di Torino 10.14640/QuadernidiNoctua5-7 10.14640/QuadernidiNoctua5-7 9c743178-7a11-43f5-9c4d-07b93e99f80f e42d118a-c514-4069-8fde-e3ac87536690 9788875903169 E-theca OnLineOpenAccess Edizioni, Università degli Studi di Torino 5 199-239 Florence, Parma, Turin open access
spellingShingle Nicole Oresme
Physics
Pietro Pomponazzi
death
suicide
being
thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHF Medieval Western philosophy
Robert, Aurélien
Désir de persévérer dans l’être et mort volontaire chez Nicole Oresme
title Désir de persévérer dans l’être et mort volontaire chez Nicole Oresme
title_full Désir de persévérer dans l’être et mort volontaire chez Nicole Oresme
title_fullStr Désir de persévérer dans l’être et mort volontaire chez Nicole Oresme
title_full_unstemmed Désir de persévérer dans l’être et mort volontaire chez Nicole Oresme
title_short Désir de persévérer dans l’être et mort volontaire chez Nicole Oresme
title_sort desir de perseverer dans l etre et mort volontaire chez nicole oresme
topic Nicole Oresme
Physics
Pietro Pomponazzi
death
suicide
being
thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHF Medieval Western philosophy
topic_facet Nicole Oresme
Physics
Pietro Pomponazzi
death
suicide
being
thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHF Medieval Western philosophy
url https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/166161
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