A World without Measles and Rubella
Measles and rubella continue to affect children worldwide, even though effective, safe, and inexpensive vaccines have been available for over 50 years. Although measles immunization is estimated to have prevented over 56 million childhood deaths since the year 2000, the residual annual burden of 136...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2026
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| Online Access: | https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/170676 |
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| description | Measles and rubella continue to affect children worldwide, even though effective, safe, and inexpensive vaccines have been available for over 50 years. Although measles immunization is estimated to have prevented over 56 million childhood deaths since the year 2000, the residual annual burden of 136,216 measles deaths and 32,000 children born with congenital rubella syndrome is unacceptable. Eliminating measles and rubella worldwide is technically feasible, and every WHO region has set measles and rubella elimination targets. However, without a global target, regions are struggling with achieving and then sustaining measles/rubella elimination. Global measles/rubella-containing vaccination coverage stagnated at around 85% for over a decade before declining to lower levels in many countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many planned supplemental immunization activities intended to fill the immunity gaps were postponed or canceled during the pandemic. Additionally, nineteen countries have yet to introduce rubella-containing vaccines despite the overwhelming evidence of disease and economic burden, as well as ethical considerations. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-170676 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publishDateRange | 2026 |
| publishDateSort | 2026 |
| publisher | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| publisherStr | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-1706762026-01-02T16:24:43Z A World without Measles and Rubella Andrus, Jon Papania, Mark Bahl, Sunil Durrheim, David N. Kretsinger, Katrina Strebel, Peter Rota, Paul Reef, Susan measles rubella vaccination coverage epidemiological factors laboratories Pan American Health Organization Americas vaccination vaccine uptake MMR social science barriers vaccine hesitancy Global health partnerships Epidemiology of measles Epidemiology of rubella vaccine delay vaccine refusal disease elimination disease outbreaks epidemiology European region public health surveillance vaccines verification measles outbreak vaccine failure breakthrough infection IgG Avidity measles elimination Mongolia elimination viral diagnostics n/a congenital rubella syndrome eradication molecular surveillance genotyping vaccine introduction agent-based model immunity gap Vaccination Week in the Americas vaccine immune surveillance serosurvey seroprevalence multiplex assay IgG antibody rubella elimination sustainability of elimination regional resurgence of measles global resurgence of measles import-related outbreak global synchronization of elimination effort antibody immunity immunoglobulin IgG donor NHIG MMR vaccination cultural adaptation storytelling singing health education Measles vaccination programmes waning immunity vaccine equity outbreak investigation vaccine-preventable diseases Cambodia Western Pacific Region immunization modeling vaccine-preventable disease surveillance diagnostics GMRLN RDTs external quality assessment risk assessment coverage mathematical model immunity gaps serological surveillance SIAs surveillance vaccine-preventable disease acute flaccid paralysis fever–rash laboratory measles-rubella laboratory network serology PCR WHO Africa Namibia incidence measles second dose routine immunization second-year of life transdermal patch microneedle health service needs and demand measles vaccine rubella vaccine microarray patches N-450 MF-NCR Tunisia epidemic phylogeny phylogeographic variability vaccine preventable diseases SEA Region United States health economic post-campaign coverage surveys supplementary immunization activities micropatch clinical trial measles and rubella elimination in EMR measles and rubella surveillance disease surveillance disease incidence immunization coverage WHO Eastern Mediterranean region and vaccine preventable disease congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) rubella vaccine introduction rubella surveillance congenital birth defects surveillance trends Measles and rubella continue to affect children worldwide, even though effective, safe, and inexpensive vaccines have been available for over 50 years. Although measles immunization is estimated to have prevented over 56 million childhood deaths since the year 2000, the residual annual burden of 136,216 measles deaths and 32,000 children born with congenital rubella syndrome is unacceptable. Eliminating measles and rubella worldwide is technically feasible, and every WHO region has set measles and rubella elimination targets. However, without a global target, regions are struggling with achieving and then sustaining measles/rubella elimination. Global measles/rubella-containing vaccination coverage stagnated at around 85% for over a decade before declining to lower levels in many countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many planned supplemental immunization activities intended to fill the immunity gaps were postponed or canceled during the pandemic. Additionally, nineteen countries have yet to introduce rubella-containing vaccines despite the overwhelming evidence of disease and economic burden, as well as ethical considerations. 2026-01-02T16:24:38Z 2026-01-02T16:24:38Z 2025 book 978-3-7258-4213-1 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/170676 eng application/octet-stream Attribution 4.0 International https://mdpi.com/books https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/11418 MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 10.3390/books978-3-7258-4214-8 10.3390/books978-3-7258-4214-8 46cabcaa-dd94-4bfe-87b4-55023c1b36d0 978-3-7258-4213-1 540 CH open access |
| spellingShingle | measles rubella vaccination coverage epidemiological factors laboratories Pan American Health Organization Americas vaccination vaccine uptake MMR social science barriers vaccine hesitancy Global health partnerships Epidemiology of measles Epidemiology of rubella vaccine delay vaccine refusal disease elimination disease outbreaks epidemiology European region public health surveillance vaccines verification measles outbreak vaccine failure breakthrough infection IgG Avidity measles elimination Mongolia elimination viral diagnostics n/a congenital rubella syndrome eradication molecular surveillance genotyping vaccine introduction agent-based model immunity gap Vaccination Week in the Americas vaccine immune surveillance serosurvey seroprevalence multiplex assay IgG antibody rubella elimination sustainability of elimination regional resurgence of measles global resurgence of measles import-related outbreak global synchronization of elimination effort antibody immunity immunoglobulin IgG donor NHIG MMR vaccination cultural adaptation storytelling singing health education Measles vaccination programmes waning immunity vaccine equity outbreak investigation vaccine-preventable diseases Cambodia Western Pacific Region immunization modeling vaccine-preventable disease surveillance diagnostics GMRLN RDTs external quality assessment risk assessment coverage mathematical model immunity gaps serological surveillance SIAs surveillance vaccine-preventable disease acute flaccid paralysis fever–rash laboratory measles-rubella laboratory network serology PCR WHO Africa Namibia incidence measles second dose routine immunization second-year of life transdermal patch microneedle health service needs and demand measles vaccine rubella vaccine microarray patches N-450 MF-NCR Tunisia epidemic phylogeny phylogeographic variability vaccine preventable diseases SEA Region United States health economic post-campaign coverage surveys supplementary immunization activities micropatch clinical trial measles and rubella elimination in EMR measles and rubella surveillance disease surveillance disease incidence immunization coverage WHO Eastern Mediterranean region and vaccine preventable disease congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) rubella vaccine introduction rubella surveillance congenital birth defects surveillance trends A World without Measles and Rubella |
| title | A World without Measles and Rubella |
| title_full | A World without Measles and Rubella |
| title_fullStr | A World without Measles and Rubella |
| title_full_unstemmed | A World without Measles and Rubella |
| title_short | A World without Measles and Rubella |
| title_sort | world without measles and rubella |
| topic | measles rubella vaccination coverage epidemiological factors laboratories Pan American Health Organization Americas vaccination vaccine uptake MMR social science barriers vaccine hesitancy Global health partnerships Epidemiology of measles Epidemiology of rubella vaccine delay vaccine refusal disease elimination disease outbreaks epidemiology European region public health surveillance vaccines verification measles outbreak vaccine failure breakthrough infection IgG Avidity measles elimination Mongolia elimination viral diagnostics n/a congenital rubella syndrome eradication molecular surveillance genotyping vaccine introduction agent-based model immunity gap Vaccination Week in the Americas vaccine immune surveillance serosurvey seroprevalence multiplex assay IgG antibody rubella elimination sustainability of elimination regional resurgence of measles global resurgence of measles import-related outbreak global synchronization of elimination effort antibody immunity immunoglobulin IgG donor NHIG MMR vaccination cultural adaptation storytelling singing health education Measles vaccination programmes waning immunity vaccine equity outbreak investigation vaccine-preventable diseases Cambodia Western Pacific Region immunization modeling vaccine-preventable disease surveillance diagnostics GMRLN RDTs external quality assessment risk assessment coverage mathematical model immunity gaps serological surveillance SIAs surveillance vaccine-preventable disease acute flaccid paralysis fever–rash laboratory measles-rubella laboratory network serology PCR WHO Africa Namibia incidence measles second dose routine immunization second-year of life transdermal patch microneedle health service needs and demand measles vaccine rubella vaccine microarray patches N-450 MF-NCR Tunisia epidemic phylogeny phylogeographic variability vaccine preventable diseases SEA Region United States health economic post-campaign coverage surveys supplementary immunization activities micropatch clinical trial measles and rubella elimination in EMR measles and rubella surveillance disease surveillance disease incidence immunization coverage WHO Eastern Mediterranean region and vaccine preventable disease congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) rubella vaccine introduction rubella surveillance congenital birth defects surveillance trends |
| topic_facet | measles rubella vaccination coverage epidemiological factors laboratories Pan American Health Organization Americas vaccination vaccine uptake MMR social science barriers vaccine hesitancy Global health partnerships Epidemiology of measles Epidemiology of rubella vaccine delay vaccine refusal disease elimination disease outbreaks epidemiology European region public health surveillance vaccines verification measles outbreak vaccine failure breakthrough infection IgG Avidity measles elimination Mongolia elimination viral diagnostics n/a congenital rubella syndrome eradication molecular surveillance genotyping vaccine introduction agent-based model immunity gap Vaccination Week in the Americas vaccine immune surveillance serosurvey seroprevalence multiplex assay IgG antibody rubella elimination sustainability of elimination regional resurgence of measles global resurgence of measles import-related outbreak global synchronization of elimination effort antibody immunity immunoglobulin IgG donor NHIG MMR vaccination cultural adaptation storytelling singing health education Measles vaccination programmes waning immunity vaccine equity outbreak investigation vaccine-preventable diseases Cambodia Western Pacific Region immunization modeling vaccine-preventable disease surveillance diagnostics GMRLN RDTs external quality assessment risk assessment coverage mathematical model immunity gaps serological surveillance SIAs surveillance vaccine-preventable disease acute flaccid paralysis fever–rash laboratory measles-rubella laboratory network serology PCR WHO Africa Namibia incidence measles second dose routine immunization second-year of life transdermal patch microneedle health service needs and demand measles vaccine rubella vaccine microarray patches N-450 MF-NCR Tunisia epidemic phylogeny phylogeographic variability vaccine preventable diseases SEA Region United States health economic post-campaign coverage surveys supplementary immunization activities micropatch clinical trial measles and rubella elimination in EMR measles and rubella surveillance disease surveillance disease incidence immunization coverage WHO Eastern Mediterranean region and vaccine preventable disease congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) rubella vaccine introduction rubella surveillance congenital birth defects surveillance trends |
| url | https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/170676 |