4: Trends in time with children in European countries: Intensification and gender convergence
This chapter reviews studies investigating childcare trends in European countries. Over recent decades, mothers and fathers have significantly increased their time spent with children. Parents have adopted more intensive parenting norms, shifting to more direct, supervised and orchestrated parenting...
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| Formato: | Online |
| Idioma: | inglês |
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Edward Elgar Publishing
2026
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| Acesso em linha: | https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/172049 |
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| _version_ | 1869514509465419776 |
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| author | Berghammer, Caroline Milkie, Melissa A. |
| author_browse | Berghammer, Caroline Milkie, Melissa A. |
| author_facet | Berghammer, Caroline Milkie, Melissa A. |
| author_sort | Berghammer, Caroline |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | This chapter reviews studies investigating childcare trends in European countries. Over recent decades, mothers and fathers have significantly increased their time spent with children. Parents have adopted more intensive parenting norms, shifting to more direct, supervised and orchestrated parenting. While mothers continue to do more childcare, fathers’ involvement has risen more steeply, reducing gender inequality in childcare. The share of fathers who remain uninvolved has decreased. Mothers perform more childcare during weekdays in routine, time-sensitive tasks, activities that disrupt employment and have a higher mental load. We also note that higher-educated parents tend to invest more time in childcare, potentially widening socio-economic inequalities in child development. Furthermore, differences in welfare state policies shape parental involvement, with Nordic countries exhibiting more balanced childcare responsibilities. We conclude with implications for policies that may create the best conditions for parents as they care for the next generation. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-172049 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publishDateRange | 2026 |
| publishDateSort | 2026 |
| publisher | Edward Elgar Publishing |
| publisherStr | Edward Elgar Publishing |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-1720492026-02-13T15:52:56Z 4: Trends in time with children in European countries: Intensification and gender convergence Berghammer, Caroline Milkie, Melissa A. Europe; Cross-national; Childcare; Time spent with children; Intensive parenting; Gender JHBK JHBA This chapter reviews studies investigating childcare trends in European countries. Over recent decades, mothers and fathers have significantly increased their time spent with children. Parents have adopted more intensive parenting norms, shifting to more direct, supervised and orchestrated parenting. While mothers continue to do more childcare, fathers’ involvement has risen more steeply, reducing gender inequality in childcare. The share of fathers who remain uninvolved has decreased. Mothers perform more childcare during weekdays in routine, time-sensitive tasks, activities that disrupt employment and have a higher mental load. We also note that higher-educated parents tend to invest more time in childcare, potentially widening socio-economic inequalities in child development. Furthermore, differences in welfare state policies shape parental involvement, with Nordic countries exhibiting more balanced childcare responsibilities. We conclude with implications for policies that may create the best conditions for parents as they care for the next generation. Published 2026-02-13T15:52:54Z 2026-02-13T15:52:54Z 2025-12-09 chapter 9781035319251 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/172049 eng image/jpeg Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/the-sociology-of-families-9781035319244.html https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollchap-oa/book/9781035319251/chapter4.xml Edward Elgar Publishing Edward Elgar Publishing 10.4337/9781035319251.00013 10.4337/9781035319251.00013 01ceac28-75b4-492a-8eec-f9b98bc6b28c https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 9781035319251 Edward Elgar Publishing Cheltenham, UK open access |
| spellingShingle | Europe; Cross-national; Childcare; Time spent with children; Intensive parenting; Gender JHBK JHBA Berghammer, Caroline Milkie, Melissa A. 4: Trends in time with children in European countries: Intensification and gender convergence |
| title | 4: Trends in time with children in European countries: Intensification and gender convergence |
| title_full | 4: Trends in time with children in European countries: Intensification and gender convergence |
| title_fullStr | 4: Trends in time with children in European countries: Intensification and gender convergence |
| title_full_unstemmed | 4: Trends in time with children in European countries: Intensification and gender convergence |
| title_short | 4: Trends in time with children in European countries: Intensification and gender convergence |
| title_sort | 4 trends in time with children in european countries intensification and gender convergence |
| topic | Europe; Cross-national; Childcare; Time spent with children; Intensive parenting; Gender JHBK JHBA |
| topic_facet | Europe; Cross-national; Childcare; Time spent with children; Intensive parenting; Gender JHBK JHBA |
| url | https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/172049 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT berghammercaroline 4trendsintimewithchildrenineuropeancountriesintensificationandgenderconvergence AT milkiemelissaa 4trendsintimewithchildrenineuropeancountriesintensificationandgenderconvergence |