Chapter 3 Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus as a Case Study: Using a Precautionary Risk Management Approach for Emerging Blood-Borne Pathogens in Canada
In October 2009 it was reported that 68 of 101 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in the United States, when tested, were infected with a novel gamma retrovirus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) (Lombardi et al., 2009). XMRV is a recently discovered human gammare...
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| author | Oraby, Tamer Aspinall, Willy Wu, Jun ElSaadany, Susie Tyshenko, Michael G. Ganz, Peter R. Laderoute, Marian Krewski, Daniel |
| author_browse | Aspinall, Willy ElSaadany, Susie Ganz, Peter R. Krewski, Daniel Laderoute, Marian Oraby, Tamer Tyshenko, Michael G. Wu, Jun |
| author_facet | Oraby, Tamer Aspinall, Willy Wu, Jun ElSaadany, Susie Tyshenko, Michael G. Ganz, Peter R. Laderoute, Marian Krewski, Daniel |
| author_sort | Oraby, Tamer |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | In October 2009 it was reported that 68 of 101 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in the United States, when tested, were infected with a novel gamma retrovirus, xenotropic
murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) (Lombardi et al., 2009). XMRV is a recently
discovered human gammaretrovirus first described in prostate cancers that shares
significant homology with murine leukemia virus (MLV) (Ursiman et al., 2006). It is known
that XMRV can cause leukemias and sarcomas in several rodent, feline, and primate species
but has not been shown to cause disease in humans. XMRV was detectable in the peripheral
blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma of individuals diagnosed with CFS
(Lombardi et al., 2009). After this report was published there was a great deal of uncertainty
surrounding this emergent virus and its involvement in the etiology of CFS. The uncertainty
was, in part, due to CFS being a complex, poorly understood multi-system disorder with
different disease criteria used for its diagnosis. CFS, also known as Myalgic
Encephalomyelitis (ME), is a debilitating disease of unknown origin that is estimated to
affect 17 million people worldwide. The initial report connecting XMRV to prostate cancers
and CFS garnered significant media and scientific interest since it provided a potential
Susie ElSaadany2**, Tamer Oraby1
*
Daniel Krewski1, 4 and Peter R. Ganz5
1McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Health, University of
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
2Blood Safety Surveillance and Health Care Acquired Infections Division, Centre for Communicable Diseases and
Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
3Aspinall and Associates, Cleveland House, High Street, and Earth Sciences, Bristol University, Bristol, United
Kingdom
4Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa,
Ontario, Canada
5Health Canada, Director’s Office, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
** Corresponding Author
, Marian Laderoute2
, Jun Wu2
, Willy Aspinall3
,
www.intechopen.com
32 The Continuum of Health Risk Assessments
explanation for the disease but also an avenue for possible therapeutic treatments since
XMRV is known to be susceptible to some anti-retroviral drugs (Cohen, 2011). |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-33996 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | InTechOpen |
| publisherStr | InTechOpen |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-339962025-05-08T11:32:59Z Chapter 3 Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus as a Case Study: Using a Precautionary Risk Management Approach for Emerging Blood-Borne Pathogens in Canada Oraby, Tamer Aspinall, Willy Wu, Jun ElSaadany, Susie Tyshenko, Michael G. Ganz, Peter R. Laderoute, Marian Krewski, Daniel case study virus case study virus Blood plasma Blood-borne disease Canada Chronic fatigue syndrome Polymerase chain reaction Prostate cancer Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus In October 2009 it was reported that 68 of 101 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in the United States, when tested, were infected with a novel gamma retrovirus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) (Lombardi et al., 2009). XMRV is a recently discovered human gammaretrovirus first described in prostate cancers that shares significant homology with murine leukemia virus (MLV) (Ursiman et al., 2006). It is known that XMRV can cause leukemias and sarcomas in several rodent, feline, and primate species but has not been shown to cause disease in humans. XMRV was detectable in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma of individuals diagnosed with CFS (Lombardi et al., 2009). After this report was published there was a great deal of uncertainty surrounding this emergent virus and its involvement in the etiology of CFS. The uncertainty was, in part, due to CFS being a complex, poorly understood multi-system disorder with different disease criteria used for its diagnosis. CFS, also known as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), is a debilitating disease of unknown origin that is estimated to affect 17 million people worldwide. The initial report connecting XMRV to prostate cancers and CFS garnered significant media and scientific interest since it provided a potential Susie ElSaadany2**, Tamer Oraby1 * Daniel Krewski1, 4 and Peter R. Ganz5 1McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 2Blood Safety Surveillance and Health Care Acquired Infections Division, Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 3Aspinall and Associates, Cleveland House, High Street, and Earth Sciences, Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom 4Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 5Health Canada, Director’s Office, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada ** Corresponding Author , Marian Laderoute2 , Jun Wu2 , Willy Aspinall3 , www.intechopen.com 32 The Continuum of Health Risk Assessments explanation for the disease but also an avenue for possible therapeutic treatments since XMRV is known to be susceptible to some anti-retroviral drugs (Cohen, 2011). 2021-02-10T12:58:18Z 2019-10-04 14:38:21 2020-04-01T14:06:38Z 2016-08-01 23:55 2019-10-04 14:38:21 2020-04-01T14:06:38Z 2016-12-31 23:55:55 2019-10-04 14:38:21 2020-04-01T14:06:38Z 2012 chapter 612629 OCN: 1030819683 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/32325 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/33996 eng open access image/jpeg image/jpeg image/jpeg image/jpeg image/jpeg image/jpeg n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/32325/1/612629.pdf https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/32325/1/612629.pdf https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/32325/1/612629.pdf https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/32325/1/612629.pdf https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/32325/1/612629.pdf https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/32325/1/612629.pdf InTechOpen 10.5772/38572 10.5772/38572 035ecc65-6737-43cf-a13a-6bdf67ce01f4 The Continuum of Health Risk Assessments FP7 Ideas: European Research Council 7292b17b-f01a-4016-94d3-d7fb5ef9fb79 European Research Council (ERC) EU collection 228064 FP7 open access |
| spellingShingle | case study virus case study virus Blood plasma Blood-borne disease Canada Chronic fatigue syndrome Polymerase chain reaction Prostate cancer Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus Oraby, Tamer Aspinall, Willy Wu, Jun ElSaadany, Susie Tyshenko, Michael G. Ganz, Peter R. Laderoute, Marian Krewski, Daniel Chapter 3 Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus as a Case Study: Using a Precautionary Risk Management Approach for Emerging Blood-Borne Pathogens in Canada |
| title | Chapter 3 Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus as a Case Study: Using a Precautionary Risk Management Approach for Emerging Blood-Borne Pathogens in Canada |
| title_full | Chapter 3 Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus as a Case Study: Using a Precautionary Risk Management Approach for Emerging Blood-Borne Pathogens in Canada |
| title_fullStr | Chapter 3 Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus as a Case Study: Using a Precautionary Risk Management Approach for Emerging Blood-Borne Pathogens in Canada |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chapter 3 Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus as a Case Study: Using a Precautionary Risk Management Approach for Emerging Blood-Borne Pathogens in Canada |
| title_short | Chapter 3 Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus as a Case Study: Using a Precautionary Risk Management Approach for Emerging Blood-Borne Pathogens in Canada |
| title_sort | chapter 3 xenotropic murine leukemia virus related virus as a case study using a precautionary risk management approach for emerging blood borne pathogens in canada |
| topic | case study virus case study virus Blood plasma Blood-borne disease Canada Chronic fatigue syndrome Polymerase chain reaction Prostate cancer Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus |
| topic_facet | case study virus case study virus Blood plasma Blood-borne disease Canada Chronic fatigue syndrome Polymerase chain reaction Prostate cancer Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus |
| url | 612629 |
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