Chapter 7 Vitamin C in Pneumonia and Sepsis
In humans, ascorbic acid is an essential vitamin, anti-oxidant and co-factor of a variety of metal ion-dependent enzymatic reactions. In this review, the transport of L-ascorbic acid is described from food to target cells. Transport of ascorbic acid across the plasma membrane is facilitated by membe...
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| Hōputu: | Online |
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Taylor & Francis
2021
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| Urunga tuihono: | https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/40107 |
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| _version_ | 1869521538016870400 |
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| author | Carr, Anitra C. |
| author_browse | Carr, Anitra C. |
| author_facet | Carr, Anitra C. |
| author_sort | Carr, Anitra C. |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | In humans, ascorbic acid is an essential vitamin, anti-oxidant and co-factor of a variety of metal ion-dependent enzymatic reactions. In this review, the transport of L-ascorbic acid is described from food to target cells. Transport of ascorbic acid across the plasma membrane is facilitated by members of the SLC23 family, SLC23A1/SVCT1 and SLC23A2/SVCT2. We present in silico models of these transporters that provide new insights into the structure of the SLC23 family. While SVCT1 is mainly responsible for uptake of ascorbic acid from the intestine into the blood and for reabsorption in the kidney, the more broadly expressed transporter SVCT2 delivers ascorbic acid into tissues that are in high demand of the vitamin. The oxidized form of ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), is a substrate of the GLUT transporters belonging to the SLC2 family. They play important roles in ascorbic acid recycling, such as in the brain and in erythrocytes. Ascorbic acid serves as an essential co-factor of metal ion-dependent enzymes, keeping their metal ions in the reduced state. In addition, it serves as an effective antioxidant in cells with high metabolic activity such as neurons. Thus, it is not too surprising that changes in expression and function of the SVCTs have nutritional and pathological consequences such as during ageing, malnutrition and chronic alcohol abuse or in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and chronic inflammation diseases. In the future, SVCT1 and SVCT2 may furthermore prove useful as drug delivery systems, to enhance transport of novel pharmaceutical agents more efficiently across the intestinal epithelium and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-34828 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis |
| publisherStr | Taylor & Francis |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-348282025-02-05T15:21:26Z Chapter 7 Vitamin C in Pneumonia and Sepsis Carr, Anitra C. antioxidants ascorbic acid infectious disease intravenous ascorbate thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences In humans, ascorbic acid is an essential vitamin, anti-oxidant and co-factor of a variety of metal ion-dependent enzymatic reactions. In this review, the transport of L-ascorbic acid is described from food to target cells. Transport of ascorbic acid across the plasma membrane is facilitated by members of the SLC23 family, SLC23A1/SVCT1 and SLC23A2/SVCT2. We present in silico models of these transporters that provide new insights into the structure of the SLC23 family. While SVCT1 is mainly responsible for uptake of ascorbic acid from the intestine into the blood and for reabsorption in the kidney, the more broadly expressed transporter SVCT2 delivers ascorbic acid into tissues that are in high demand of the vitamin. The oxidized form of ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), is a substrate of the GLUT transporters belonging to the SLC2 family. They play important roles in ascorbic acid recycling, such as in the brain and in erythrocytes. Ascorbic acid serves as an essential co-factor of metal ion-dependent enzymes, keeping their metal ions in the reduced state. In addition, it serves as an effective antioxidant in cells with high metabolic activity such as neurons. Thus, it is not too surprising that changes in expression and function of the SVCTs have nutritional and pathological consequences such as during ageing, malnutrition and chronic alcohol abuse or in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and chronic inflammation diseases. In the future, SVCT1 and SVCT2 may furthermore prove useful as drug delivery systems, to enhance transport of novel pharmaceutical agents more efficiently across the intestinal epithelium and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. 2021-02-10T14:20:47Z 2021-02-10T14:20:47Z 2020-07-27T09:55:35Z 2020 chapter https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/40107 9780429442025 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/34828 eng open access image/jpeg image/jpeg Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/40107/1/9781138337992_oachapter7.pdf https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/40107/1/9781138337992_oachapter7.pdf Taylor & Francis CRC Press fa69b019-f4ee-4979-8d42-c6b6c476b5f0 Vitamin C 9780429442025 CRC Press 26 open access |
| spellingShingle | antioxidants ascorbic acid infectious disease intravenous ascorbate thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences Carr, Anitra C. Chapter 7 Vitamin C in Pneumonia and Sepsis |
| title | Chapter 7 Vitamin C in Pneumonia and Sepsis |
| title_full | Chapter 7 Vitamin C in Pneumonia and Sepsis |
| title_fullStr | Chapter 7 Vitamin C in Pneumonia and Sepsis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chapter 7 Vitamin C in Pneumonia and Sepsis |
| title_short | Chapter 7 Vitamin C in Pneumonia and Sepsis |
| title_sort | chapter 7 vitamin c in pneumonia and sepsis |
| topic | antioxidants ascorbic acid infectious disease intravenous ascorbate thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences |
| topic_facet | antioxidants ascorbic acid infectious disease intravenous ascorbate thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences |
| url | https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/40107 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT carranitrac chapter7vitamincinpneumoniaandsepsis |