Chapter 8 Enemies
Chapter 8 shows the connection between a certain vision of citizenship – in this context, ethnonationally defined – and violence, and how citizenship is crucial though under-researched trigger of violence. To examine why and how this violence happened, and what was the role of citizenship, the chapt...
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Bloomsbury Academic
2021
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Չկան պիտակներ, Եղեք առաջինը, ով նշում է այս գրառումը!
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| _version_ | 1869515550721310720 |
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| author | Štiks, Igor |
| author_browse | Štiks, Igor |
| author_facet | Štiks, Igor |
| author_sort | Štiks, Igor |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | Chapter 8 shows the connection between a certain vision of citizenship – in this context, ethnonationally defined – and violence, and how citizenship is crucial though under-researched trigger of violence. To examine why and how this violence happened, and what was the role of citizenship, the chapter examines the whole post-socialist post-partition European states. It argues that the fate of many citizens of the former socialist federations in the context of their imminent disintegration was determined by their answers to the following questions: Did the incipient states (republics) and the federal centre accept the separation and the existing borders? Did all groups and all regions accept independence and the authorities of the new states? The analysis of the possible answers to these questions across post-socialist Europe brings us to three decisive triggers of violence: citizenship, borders and territories, and, finally in the early 1990s, the role of the military apparatus of defunct federations. One could safely conclude that there is an intimate historic affinity between citizenship and war. From the antique city-states where full citizenship status was acquired by serving in war (Anderson 1996: 28, 33; Pocock 1998), via the traditional military draft for men (and in some places for women) to contemporary practices that enable immigrants and foreigners serving in the armed forces, such as the US army or in the Légion étrangère, an easier access to citizenship. There is a historic relationship between ‘blood’, either inherited or spilled (one’s own or of other people), and citizenship. However, violence related to citizenship is not only physical but often invisible. It is the violence of administrative decisions, hierarchy of different statuses, ‘wrong’ passports and ‘papers’ or deprivations of citizenship. In the following chapter, I will also tackle the issue of physically invisible but nonetheless effective violence caused by the post-Yugoslav citizenship regimes. In this chapter though, I will turn to the outbreak of that ‘visible’ violence that spread across almost all corners of the former Yugoslavia. To examine why and how this violence happened, and what was the role of citizenship, we need to cast the net more widely all over post-socialist post-partition European states. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-37284 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Bloomsbury Academic |
| publisherStr | Bloomsbury Academic |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-372842024-05-12T10:31:11Z Chapter 8 Enemies Štiks, Igor citizenship post-socialist europe violence borders 1989 territories disintegration ethnic conflicts federal armies citizenship post-socialist europe violence borders 1989 territories disintegration ethnic conflicts federal armies Croatia Kosovo Russia Serbia Serbia and Montenegro Serbs Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina Transnistria Yugoslav People's Army thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government Chapter 8 shows the connection between a certain vision of citizenship – in this context, ethnonationally defined – and violence, and how citizenship is crucial though under-researched trigger of violence. To examine why and how this violence happened, and what was the role of citizenship, the chapter examines the whole post-socialist post-partition European states. It argues that the fate of many citizens of the former socialist federations in the context of their imminent disintegration was determined by their answers to the following questions: Did the incipient states (republics) and the federal centre accept the separation and the existing borders? Did all groups and all regions accept independence and the authorities of the new states? The analysis of the possible answers to these questions across post-socialist Europe brings us to three decisive triggers of violence: citizenship, borders and territories, and, finally in the early 1990s, the role of the military apparatus of defunct federations. One could safely conclude that there is an intimate historic affinity between citizenship and war. From the antique city-states where full citizenship status was acquired by serving in war (Anderson 1996: 28, 33; Pocock 1998), via the traditional military draft for men (and in some places for women) to contemporary practices that enable immigrants and foreigners serving in the armed forces, such as the US army or in the Légion étrangère, an easier access to citizenship. There is a historic relationship between ‘blood’, either inherited or spilled (one’s own or of other people), and citizenship. However, violence related to citizenship is not only physical but often invisible. It is the violence of administrative decisions, hierarchy of different statuses, ‘wrong’ passports and ‘papers’ or deprivations of citizenship. In the following chapter, I will also tackle the issue of physically invisible but nonetheless effective violence caused by the post-Yugoslav citizenship regimes. In this chapter though, I will turn to the outbreak of that ‘visible’ violence that spread across almost all corners of the former Yugoslavia. To examine why and how this violence happened, and what was the role of citizenship, we need to cast the net more widely all over post-socialist post-partition European states. 2021-02-10T12:58:18Z 2018-08-08 11:47:17 2020-04-01T13:09:15Z 2015 chapter 642979 OCN: 1030816397 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/30750 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/37284 eng open access image/jpeg image/jpeg image/jpeg image/jpeg image/jpeg image/jpeg image/jpeg n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/30750/1/642979.pdf https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/30750/1/642979.pdf https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/30750/1/642979.pdf https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/30750/1/642979.pdf https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/30750/1/642979.pdf https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/30750/1/642979.pdf https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/30750/1/642979.pdf Bloomsbury Academic 10.5040/9781474221559.ch-009 10.5040/9781474221559.ch-009 f75587da-2374-4722-9d42-9fffa7fa3f92 Nations and Citizens in Yugoslavia and the Post-Yugoslav States FP7 Ideas: European Research Council European Research Council (ERC) 133-148 15 London 230239 FP7 open access |
| spellingShingle | citizenship post-socialist europe violence borders 1989 territories disintegration ethnic conflicts federal armies citizenship post-socialist europe violence borders 1989 territories disintegration ethnic conflicts federal armies Croatia Kosovo Russia Serbia Serbia and Montenegro Serbs Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina Transnistria Yugoslav People's Army thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government Štiks, Igor Chapter 8 Enemies |
| title | Chapter 8 Enemies |
| title_full | Chapter 8 Enemies |
| title_fullStr | Chapter 8 Enemies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chapter 8 Enemies |
| title_short | Chapter 8 Enemies |
| title_sort | chapter 8 enemies |
| topic | citizenship post-socialist europe violence borders 1989 territories disintegration ethnic conflicts federal armies citizenship post-socialist europe violence borders 1989 territories disintegration ethnic conflicts federal armies Croatia Kosovo Russia Serbia Serbia and Montenegro Serbs Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina Transnistria Yugoslav People's Army thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government |
| topic_facet | citizenship post-socialist europe violence borders 1989 territories disintegration ethnic conflicts federal armies citizenship post-socialist europe violence borders 1989 territories disintegration ethnic conflicts federal armies Croatia Kosovo Russia Serbia Serbia and Montenegro Serbs Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina Transnistria Yugoslav People's Army thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government |
| url | 642979 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT stiksigor chapter8enemies |