Advances in Farm Animal Genomic Resources
The history of livestock started with the domestication of their wild ancestors: a restricted number of species allowed to be tamed and entered a symbiotic relationship with humans. In exchange for food, shelter and protection, they provided us with meat, eggs, hides, wool and draught power, thus co...
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| Format: | Online |
| Język: | angielski |
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Frontiers Media SA
2021
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| Dostęp online: | 18855 |
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| _version_ | 1869522351105769472 |
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| author | Philippe V. Baret Johannes A. Lenstra Stephane Joost Johann Solkner Jutta Roosen Paolo Ajmone Marsan Ino Curik Michael W. Bruford Juha Kantanen Goran Andersson Nadine Buys Michele Tixier-Boichard |
| author_browse | Goran Andersson Ino Curik Johann Solkner Johannes A. Lenstra Juha Kantanen Jutta Roosen Michael W. Bruford Michele Tixier-Boichard Nadine Buys Paolo Ajmone Marsan Philippe V. Baret Stephane Joost |
| author_facet | Philippe V. Baret Johannes A. Lenstra Stephane Joost Johann Solkner Jutta Roosen Paolo Ajmone Marsan Ino Curik Michael W. Bruford Juha Kantanen Goran Andersson Nadine Buys Michele Tixier-Boichard |
| author_sort | Philippe V. Baret |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | The history of livestock started with the domestication of their wild ancestors: a restricted number of species allowed to be tamed and entered a symbiotic relationship with humans. In exchange for food, shelter and protection, they provided us with meat, eggs, hides, wool and draught power, thus contributing considerably to our economic and cultural development. Depending on the species, domestication took place in different areas and periods. After domestication, livestock spread over all inhabited regions of the earth, accompanying human migrations and becoming also trade objects. This required an adaptation to different climates and varying styles of husbandry and resulted in an enormous phenotypic diversity. Approximately 200 years ago, the situation started to change with the rise of the concept of breed. Animals were selected for the same visible characteristics, and crossing with different phenotypes was reduced. This resulted in the formation of different breeds, mostly genetically isolated from other populations. A few decades ago, selection pressure was increased again with intensive production focusing on a limited range of types and a subsequent loss of genetic diversity. For short-term economic reasons, farmers have abandoned traditional breeds. As a consequence, during the 20th century, at least 28% of farm animal breeds became extinct, rare or endangered. The situation is alarming in developing countries, where native breeds adapted to local environments and diseases are being replaced by industrial breeds. In the most marginal areas, farm animals are considered to be essential for viable land use and, in the developing world, a major pathway out of poverty. Historic documentation from the period before the breed formation is scarce. Thus, reconstruction of the history of livestock populations depends on archaeological, archeo-zoological and DNA analysis of extant populations. Scientific research into genetic diversity takes advantage of the rapid advances in molecular genetics. Studies of mitochondrial DNA, microsatellite DNA profiling and Y-chromosomes have revealed details on the process of domestication, on the diversity retained by breeds and on relationships between breeds. However, we only see a small part of the genetic information and the advent of new technologies is most timely in order to answer many essential questions. High-throughput single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping is about to be available for all major farm animal species. The recent development of sequencing techniques calls for new methods of data management and analysis and for new ideas for the extraction of information. To make sense of this information in practical conditions, integration of geo-environmental and socio-economic data are key elements. The study and management of farm animal genomic resources (FAnGR) is indeed a major multidisciplinary issue. The goal of the present Research Topic was to collect contributions of high scientific quality relevant to biodiversity management, and applying new methods to either new genomic and bioinformatics approaches for characterization of FAnGR, to the development of FAnGR conservation methods applied ex-situ and in-situ, to socio-economic aspects of FAnGR conservation, to transfer of lessons between wildlife and livestock biodiversity conservation, and to the contribution of FAnGR to a transition in agriculture (FAnGR and agro-ecology). |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-40272 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
| publisherStr | Frontiers Media SA |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-402722024-04-05T12:35:05Z Advances in Farm Animal Genomic Resources Philippe V. Baret Johannes A. Lenstra Stephane Joost Johann Solkner Jutta Roosen Paolo Ajmone Marsan Ino Curik Michael W. Bruford Juha Kantanen Goran Andersson Nadine Buys Michele Tixier-Boichard QH426-470 Q1-390 GIS Decision Making Farm animal genomic resources (FAnGR) Social Sciences Disease Resistance next generation sequencing conservation of genomic diversity data integration sustainable breeding Polygenic adaptive and economic traits thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical) The history of livestock started with the domestication of their wild ancestors: a restricted number of species allowed to be tamed and entered a symbiotic relationship with humans. In exchange for food, shelter and protection, they provided us with meat, eggs, hides, wool and draught power, thus contributing considerably to our economic and cultural development. Depending on the species, domestication took place in different areas and periods. After domestication, livestock spread over all inhabited regions of the earth, accompanying human migrations and becoming also trade objects. This required an adaptation to different climates and varying styles of husbandry and resulted in an enormous phenotypic diversity. Approximately 200 years ago, the situation started to change with the rise of the concept of breed. Animals were selected for the same visible characteristics, and crossing with different phenotypes was reduced. This resulted in the formation of different breeds, mostly genetically isolated from other populations. A few decades ago, selection pressure was increased again with intensive production focusing on a limited range of types and a subsequent loss of genetic diversity. For short-term economic reasons, farmers have abandoned traditional breeds. As a consequence, during the 20th century, at least 28% of farm animal breeds became extinct, rare or endangered. The situation is alarming in developing countries, where native breeds adapted to local environments and diseases are being replaced by industrial breeds. In the most marginal areas, farm animals are considered to be essential for viable land use and, in the developing world, a major pathway out of poverty. Historic documentation from the period before the breed formation is scarce. Thus, reconstruction of the history of livestock populations depends on archaeological, archeo-zoological and DNA analysis of extant populations. Scientific research into genetic diversity takes advantage of the rapid advances in molecular genetics. Studies of mitochondrial DNA, microsatellite DNA profiling and Y-chromosomes have revealed details on the process of domestication, on the diversity retained by breeds and on relationships between breeds. However, we only see a small part of the genetic information and the advent of new technologies is most timely in order to answer many essential questions. High-throughput single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping is about to be available for all major farm animal species. The recent development of sequencing techniques calls for new methods of data management and analysis and for new ideas for the extraction of information. To make sense of this information in practical conditions, integration of geo-environmental and socio-economic data are key elements. The study and management of farm animal genomic resources (FAnGR) is indeed a major multidisciplinary issue. The goal of the present Research Topic was to collect contributions of high scientific quality relevant to biodiversity management, and applying new methods to either new genomic and bioinformatics approaches for characterization of FAnGR, to the development of FAnGR conservation methods applied ex-situ and in-situ, to socio-economic aspects of FAnGR conservation, to transfer of lessons between wildlife and livestock biodiversity conservation, and to the contribution of FAnGR to a transition in agriculture (FAnGR and agro-ecology). 2021-02-11T07:48:42Z 2021-02-11T07:48:42Z 2016-04-07 11:22:02 2016 book 18855 16648714 9782889197354 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/40272 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International http://www.frontiersin.org/books/Advances_in_Farm_Animal_Genomic_Resources/788#nogo http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/2123/advances-in-farm-animal-genomic-resources Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88919-735-4 10.3389/978-2-88919-735-4 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889197354 293 open access |
| spellingShingle | QH426-470 Q1-390 GIS Decision Making Farm animal genomic resources (FAnGR) Social Sciences Disease Resistance next generation sequencing conservation of genomic diversity data integration sustainable breeding Polygenic adaptive and economic traits thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical) Philippe V. Baret Johannes A. Lenstra Stephane Joost Johann Solkner Jutta Roosen Paolo Ajmone Marsan Ino Curik Michael W. Bruford Juha Kantanen Goran Andersson Nadine Buys Michele Tixier-Boichard Advances in Farm Animal Genomic Resources |
| title | Advances in Farm Animal Genomic Resources |
| title_full | Advances in Farm Animal Genomic Resources |
| title_fullStr | Advances in Farm Animal Genomic Resources |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in Farm Animal Genomic Resources |
| title_short | Advances in Farm Animal Genomic Resources |
| title_sort | advances in farm animal genomic resources |
| topic | QH426-470 Q1-390 GIS Decision Making Farm animal genomic resources (FAnGR) Social Sciences Disease Resistance next generation sequencing conservation of genomic diversity data integration sustainable breeding Polygenic adaptive and economic traits thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical) |
| topic_facet | QH426-470 Q1-390 GIS Decision Making Farm animal genomic resources (FAnGR) Social Sciences Disease Resistance next generation sequencing conservation of genomic diversity data integration sustainable breeding Polygenic adaptive and economic traits thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical) |
| url | 18855 |
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