Breaking the cycle: Attacking the malaria parasite in the liver
Despite significant progress in the global fight against malaria, this parasitic infection is still responsible for nearly 300 million clinical cases and more than half a million deaths each year, predominantly in African children less than 5 years of age. The infection starts when mosquitoes transm...
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Frontiers Media SA
2021
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| Online Erişim: | 18821 |
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| author | Thomas L. Richie Urszula Krzych Ute Frevert |
| author_browse | Thomas L. Richie Urszula Krzych Ute Frevert |
| author_facet | Thomas L. Richie Urszula Krzych Ute Frevert |
| author_sort | Thomas L. Richie |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | Despite significant progress in the global fight against malaria, this parasitic infection is still responsible for nearly 300 million clinical cases and more than half a million deaths each year, predominantly in African children less than 5 years of age. The infection starts when mosquitoes transmit small numbers of parasites into the skin. From here, the parasites travel with the bloodstream to the liver where they undergo an initial round of replication and maturation to the next developmental stage that infects red blood cells. A vaccine capable of blocking the clinically silent liver phase of the Plasmodium life cycle would prevent the subsequent symptomatic phase of this tropical disease, including its frequently fatal manifestations such as severe anemia, acute lung injury, and cerebral malaria. Parasitologists, immunologists, and vaccinologists have come to appreciate the complexity of the adaptive immune response against the liver stages of this deadly parasite. Lymphocytes play a central role in the elimination of Plasmodium infected hepatocytes, both in humans and animal models, but our understanding of the exact cellular interactions and molecular effector mechanisms that lead to parasite killing within the complex hepatic microenvironment of an immune host is still rudimentary. Nevertheless, recent collaborative efforts have led to promising vaccine approaches based on liver stages that have conferred sterile immunity in humans – the University of Oxford's Ad prime / MVA boost vaccine, the Naval Medical Research Center’s DNA prime / Ad boost vaccine, Sanaria Inc.'s radiation-attenuated whole sporozoite vaccine, and Radboud University Medical Centre’s and Sanaria's derived chemoprophylaxis with sporozoites vaccines. The aim of this Research Topic is to bring together researchers with expertise in malariology, immunology, hepatology, antigen discovery and vaccine development to provide a better understanding of the basic biology of Plasmodium in the liver and the host’s innate and adaptive immune responses. Understanding the conditions required to generate complete protection in a vaccinated individual will bring us closer to our ultimate goal, namely to develop a safe, scalable, and affordable malaria vaccine capable of inducing sustained high-level protective immunity in the large proportion of the world’s population constantly at risk of malaria. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-42444 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
| publisherStr | Frontiers Media SA |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-424442024-03-31T13:09:45Z Breaking the cycle: Attacking the malaria parasite in the liver Thomas L. Richie Urszula Krzych Ute Frevert R5-920 RC581-607 QR1-502 Q1-390 CD8 T cell Plasmodium B cell antigen-presenting cell immune response Malaria vaccine hepatic microenvironment CD4 T cell animal model adjuvants thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing Despite significant progress in the global fight against malaria, this parasitic infection is still responsible for nearly 300 million clinical cases and more than half a million deaths each year, predominantly in African children less than 5 years of age. The infection starts when mosquitoes transmit small numbers of parasites into the skin. From here, the parasites travel with the bloodstream to the liver where they undergo an initial round of replication and maturation to the next developmental stage that infects red blood cells. A vaccine capable of blocking the clinically silent liver phase of the Plasmodium life cycle would prevent the subsequent symptomatic phase of this tropical disease, including its frequently fatal manifestations such as severe anemia, acute lung injury, and cerebral malaria. Parasitologists, immunologists, and vaccinologists have come to appreciate the complexity of the adaptive immune response against the liver stages of this deadly parasite. Lymphocytes play a central role in the elimination of Plasmodium infected hepatocytes, both in humans and animal models, but our understanding of the exact cellular interactions and molecular effector mechanisms that lead to parasite killing within the complex hepatic microenvironment of an immune host is still rudimentary. Nevertheless, recent collaborative efforts have led to promising vaccine approaches based on liver stages that have conferred sterile immunity in humans – the University of Oxford's Ad prime / MVA boost vaccine, the Naval Medical Research Center’s DNA prime / Ad boost vaccine, Sanaria Inc.'s radiation-attenuated whole sporozoite vaccine, and Radboud University Medical Centre’s and Sanaria's derived chemoprophylaxis with sporozoites vaccines. The aim of this Research Topic is to bring together researchers with expertise in malariology, immunology, hepatology, antigen discovery and vaccine development to provide a better understanding of the basic biology of Plasmodium in the liver and the host’s innate and adaptive immune responses. Understanding the conditions required to generate complete protection in a vaccinated individual will bring us closer to our ultimate goal, namely to develop a safe, scalable, and affordable malaria vaccine capable of inducing sustained high-level protective immunity in the large proportion of the world’s population constantly at risk of malaria. 2021-02-11T09:17:57Z 2021-02-11T09:17:57Z 2016-04-07 11:22:02 2015 book 18821 16648714 9782889196951 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/42444 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International http://www.frontiersin.org/books/Breaking_the_Cycle_Attacking_the_Malaria_Parasite_in_the_Liver/757#nogo http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/2289/breaking-the-cycle-attacking-the-malaria-parasite-in-the-liver Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88919-695-1 10.3389/978-2-88919-695-1 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889196951 173 open access |
| spellingShingle | R5-920 RC581-607 QR1-502 Q1-390 CD8 T cell Plasmodium B cell antigen-presenting cell immune response Malaria vaccine hepatic microenvironment CD4 T cell animal model adjuvants thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing Thomas L. Richie Urszula Krzych Ute Frevert Breaking the cycle: Attacking the malaria parasite in the liver |
| title | Breaking the cycle: Attacking the malaria parasite in the liver |
| title_full | Breaking the cycle: Attacking the malaria parasite in the liver |
| title_fullStr | Breaking the cycle: Attacking the malaria parasite in the liver |
| title_full_unstemmed | Breaking the cycle: Attacking the malaria parasite in the liver |
| title_short | Breaking the cycle: Attacking the malaria parasite in the liver |
| title_sort | breaking the cycle attacking the malaria parasite in the liver |
| topic | R5-920 RC581-607 QR1-502 Q1-390 CD8 T cell Plasmodium B cell antigen-presenting cell immune response Malaria vaccine hepatic microenvironment CD4 T cell animal model adjuvants thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing |
| topic_facet | R5-920 RC581-607 QR1-502 Q1-390 CD8 T cell Plasmodium B cell antigen-presenting cell immune response Malaria vaccine hepatic microenvironment CD4 T cell animal model adjuvants thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing |
| url | 18821 |
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