Chronic inflammation in conditions associated with a deficient clearance of dying and dead cells, their remnants, and intracellular constituents
In multicellular organisms, states with a high degree of tissue turnover like embryogenesis, development, and adult tissue homeostasis need an instantaneous, tightly regulated and immunologically silent clearance of these dying cells to ensure appropriate development of the embryo and adult tissue r...
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Frontiers Media SA
2021
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| On-line přístup: | 19509 |
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| author | Martin Herrmann Christian Berens Luis Enrique Munoz Kirsten Lauber Udo S. Gaipl |
| author_browse | Christian Berens Kirsten Lauber Luis Enrique Munoz Martin Herrmann Udo S. Gaipl |
| author_facet | Martin Herrmann Christian Berens Luis Enrique Munoz Kirsten Lauber Udo S. Gaipl |
| author_sort | Martin Herrmann |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | In multicellular organisms, states with a high degree of tissue turnover like embryogenesis, development, and adult tissue homeostasis need an instantaneous, tightly regulated and immunologically silent clearance of these dying cells to ensure appropriate development of the embryo and adult tissue remodelling. The proper and swift clearance of apoptotic cells is essential to prevent cellular leakage of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which would lead to the stimulation of inflammatory cytokine responses. In addition to the clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), backup mechanisms are required to cope with DAMPs (HMGB-1, DNA, RNA, S100 molecules, ATP and adenosine) and other intracellular material (uric acid, intracellular proteins and their aggregates) released from cells, that were not properly cleared and have entered the stage of secondary necrosis. Furthermore, under certain pathologic conditions (e.g. gout, cancer, diabetes) non-apoptotic cell death may transiently occur (NETosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis) which generates material that also has to be cleared to avoid overloading tissues with non-functional cellular waste. Efficient efferocytosis is therefore indispensable for normal tissue turnover and homeostasis. The characterization of various signalling pathways that regulate this complex and evolutionary conserved process has shed light on new pathogenetic mechanisms of many diseases. Impaired clearance promotes initiation of autoimmunity as well as the perpetuation of chronic inflammation, but may also foster anti-tumor immunity under certain microenvironmental conditions. Immunological tolerance is continuously being challenged by the presence of post-apoptotic remnants in peripheral lymphoid tissues. Besides the autoimmune phenotype of chronic inflammatory rheumatoid disorders a plethora of pathologies have been associated with defects in genes involved in clearance, e.g. atherosclerosis, cancer, gout, diabetes, some forms of blindness, neuropathy, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. The main goal of this research topic is to collect contributions from various disciplines committed to studying pathogenetic mechanisms of the aforementioned disorders and dealing with alterations in the clearance of dying and dead cells, their remnants, and their constituents that leak out after membrane rupture. Integrating the combined collection of knowledge on efferocytosis and clearance of dead cells and their derived waste from different fields of research in physiology and pathophysiology could improve the molecular understanding of these increasingly prevalent diseases and may ultimately result in new therapeutic strategies. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-43190 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
| publisherStr | Frontiers Media SA |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-431902024-03-31T13:11:16Z Chronic inflammation in conditions associated with a deficient clearance of dying and dead cells, their remnants, and intracellular constituents Martin Herrmann Christian Berens Luis Enrique Munoz Kirsten Lauber Udo S. Gaipl R5-920 RC581-607 Autoimmunity NETs Efferocytosis Inflammation cell-remnants Phagocytosis Apoptosis Cancer Asthma thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing In multicellular organisms, states with a high degree of tissue turnover like embryogenesis, development, and adult tissue homeostasis need an instantaneous, tightly regulated and immunologically silent clearance of these dying cells to ensure appropriate development of the embryo and adult tissue remodelling. The proper and swift clearance of apoptotic cells is essential to prevent cellular leakage of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which would lead to the stimulation of inflammatory cytokine responses. In addition to the clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), backup mechanisms are required to cope with DAMPs (HMGB-1, DNA, RNA, S100 molecules, ATP and adenosine) and other intracellular material (uric acid, intracellular proteins and their aggregates) released from cells, that were not properly cleared and have entered the stage of secondary necrosis. Furthermore, under certain pathologic conditions (e.g. gout, cancer, diabetes) non-apoptotic cell death may transiently occur (NETosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis) which generates material that also has to be cleared to avoid overloading tissues with non-functional cellular waste. Efficient efferocytosis is therefore indispensable for normal tissue turnover and homeostasis. The characterization of various signalling pathways that regulate this complex and evolutionary conserved process has shed light on new pathogenetic mechanisms of many diseases. Impaired clearance promotes initiation of autoimmunity as well as the perpetuation of chronic inflammation, but may also foster anti-tumor immunity under certain microenvironmental conditions. Immunological tolerance is continuously being challenged by the presence of post-apoptotic remnants in peripheral lymphoid tissues. Besides the autoimmune phenotype of chronic inflammatory rheumatoid disorders a plethora of pathologies have been associated with defects in genes involved in clearance, e.g. atherosclerosis, cancer, gout, diabetes, some forms of blindness, neuropathy, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. The main goal of this research topic is to collect contributions from various disciplines committed to studying pathogenetic mechanisms of the aforementioned disorders and dealing with alterations in the clearance of dying and dead cells, their remnants, and their constituents that leak out after membrane rupture. Integrating the combined collection of knowledge on efferocytosis and clearance of dead cells and their derived waste from different fields of research in physiology and pathophysiology could improve the molecular understanding of these increasingly prevalent diseases and may ultimately result in new therapeutic strategies. 2021-02-11T09:51:20Z 2021-02-11T09:51:20Z 2016-08-16 10:34:25 2015 book 19509 16648714 9782889196012 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/43190 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International http://www.frontiersin.org/books/Chronic_Inflammation_in_Conditions_Associated_with_a_Deficient_Clearance_of_Dying_and_Dead_Cells_th/671#nogo http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/2209/chronic-inflammation-in-conditions-associated-with-a-deficient-clearance-of-dying-and-dead-cells-the Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88919-601-2 10.3389/978-2-88919-601-2 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889196012 73 open access |
| spellingShingle | R5-920 RC581-607 Autoimmunity NETs Efferocytosis Inflammation cell-remnants Phagocytosis Apoptosis Cancer Asthma thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing Martin Herrmann Christian Berens Luis Enrique Munoz Kirsten Lauber Udo S. Gaipl Chronic inflammation in conditions associated with a deficient clearance of dying and dead cells, their remnants, and intracellular constituents |
| title | Chronic inflammation in conditions associated with a deficient clearance of dying and dead cells, their remnants, and intracellular constituents |
| title_full | Chronic inflammation in conditions associated with a deficient clearance of dying and dead cells, their remnants, and intracellular constituents |
| title_fullStr | Chronic inflammation in conditions associated with a deficient clearance of dying and dead cells, their remnants, and intracellular constituents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chronic inflammation in conditions associated with a deficient clearance of dying and dead cells, their remnants, and intracellular constituents |
| title_short | Chronic inflammation in conditions associated with a deficient clearance of dying and dead cells, their remnants, and intracellular constituents |
| title_sort | chronic inflammation in conditions associated with a deficient clearance of dying and dead cells their remnants and intracellular constituents |
| topic | R5-920 RC581-607 Autoimmunity NETs Efferocytosis Inflammation cell-remnants Phagocytosis Apoptosis Cancer Asthma thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing |
| topic_facet | R5-920 RC581-607 Autoimmunity NETs Efferocytosis Inflammation cell-remnants Phagocytosis Apoptosis Cancer Asthma thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing |
| url | 19509 |
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