Ecology, Virulence and Detection of Pathogenic and Pandemic Vibrio Parahaemolyticus
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram negative, halophilic bacterium that occurs in the coastal and estuarine environments worldwide and is implicated in several cases of seafood-born gastroenteritis around the globe. However, not all strains of V. parahaemolyticus are pathogenic. Clinical isolates of V...
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| author | Iddya Karunasagar Indrani Karunasagar Pendru Raghunath |
| author_browse | Iddya Karunasagar Indrani Karunasagar Pendru Raghunath |
| author_facet | Iddya Karunasagar Indrani Karunasagar Pendru Raghunath |
| author_sort | Iddya Karunasagar |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram negative, halophilic bacterium that occurs in the coastal and estuarine environments worldwide and is implicated in several cases of seafood-born gastroenteritis around the globe. However, not all strains of V. parahaemolyticus are pathogenic. Clinical isolates of V. parahaemolyticus most often produce either the thermostable direct haemolysin (TDH) or TDH-related haemolysin (TRH) encoded by tdh and trh genes, respectively. A pandemic clone of O3:K6 which was first detected in Kolkata (India), has been responsible for many outbreaks in Asia and the USA. With the emergence of pandemic clone of V. parahaemolyticus, this organism has assumed significance. Although most of the V. parahaemolyticus outbreaks are invariably related to seafood consumption, pathogenic strains are rarely isolated from seafood. Virulent strains producing TDH or TRH and the pandemic clone, which is responsible for most of the outbreaks (that have occurred after 1996) have been rarely isolated from seafood and other environmental samples. This could be due to the occurrence of pathogenic strains in the estuarine environment at a lower level compared to non-pathogenic strains. Another reason can be that the pathogenic stains are more sensitive to dystropic conditions in the aquatic environment and rapidly become non-culturable. Similarity in growth kinetics between virulent and non-virulent strains also made the isolation of virulent strains from the aquatic environment difficult. Several studies were done to determine the factors responsible for an increased virulence and persistance of pandemic clone. However, none of those studies were conclusive. Several researchers have proposed various genetic markers for specific detection of pandemic clone of V. parahaemolyticus. But many of those genetic markers were found to be unreliable. Recently, seven genomic islands (VPaI-1 to VPaI-7) unique to pandemic clone were identified. This Research Topic is dedicated to improve our current understanding of ecology, pathogenesis and detection of pathogenic and pandemic clone of V. parahaemolyticus, and will also strive to identify areas of future development. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-45718 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
| publisherStr | Frontiers Media SA |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-457182024-04-05T17:31:02Z Ecology, Virulence and Detection of Pathogenic and Pandemic Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Iddya Karunasagar Indrani Karunasagar Pendru Raghunath QR1-502 Q1-390 Virulence Vibrio parahaemolyticus Genomic Islands tdh trh pandemic clone thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram negative, halophilic bacterium that occurs in the coastal and estuarine environments worldwide and is implicated in several cases of seafood-born gastroenteritis around the globe. However, not all strains of V. parahaemolyticus are pathogenic. Clinical isolates of V. parahaemolyticus most often produce either the thermostable direct haemolysin (TDH) or TDH-related haemolysin (TRH) encoded by tdh and trh genes, respectively. A pandemic clone of O3:K6 which was first detected in Kolkata (India), has been responsible for many outbreaks in Asia and the USA. With the emergence of pandemic clone of V. parahaemolyticus, this organism has assumed significance. Although most of the V. parahaemolyticus outbreaks are invariably related to seafood consumption, pathogenic strains are rarely isolated from seafood. Virulent strains producing TDH or TRH and the pandemic clone, which is responsible for most of the outbreaks (that have occurred after 1996) have been rarely isolated from seafood and other environmental samples. This could be due to the occurrence of pathogenic strains in the estuarine environment at a lower level compared to non-pathogenic strains. Another reason can be that the pathogenic stains are more sensitive to dystropic conditions in the aquatic environment and rapidly become non-culturable. Similarity in growth kinetics between virulent and non-virulent strains also made the isolation of virulent strains from the aquatic environment difficult. Several studies were done to determine the factors responsible for an increased virulence and persistance of pandemic clone. However, none of those studies were conclusive. Several researchers have proposed various genetic markers for specific detection of pandemic clone of V. parahaemolyticus. But many of those genetic markers were found to be unreliable. Recently, seven genomic islands (VPaI-1 to VPaI-7) unique to pandemic clone were identified. This Research Topic is dedicated to improve our current understanding of ecology, pathogenesis and detection of pathogenic and pandemic clone of V. parahaemolyticus, and will also strive to identify areas of future development. 2021-02-11T12:01:26Z 2021-02-11T12:01:26Z 2016-01-19 14:05:46 2016 book 18299 16648714 9782889199129 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/45718 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International http://www.frontiersin.org/books/Ecology_Virulence_and_Detection_of_Pathogenic_and_Pandemic__Vibrio_Parahaemolyticus/964 http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/2885/ecology-virulence-and-detection-of-pathogenic-and-pandemic-vibrio-parahaemolyticus Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88919-912-9 10.3389/978-2-88919-912-9 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889199129 132 open access |
| spellingShingle | QR1-502 Q1-390 Virulence Vibrio parahaemolyticus Genomic Islands tdh trh pandemic clone thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) Iddya Karunasagar Indrani Karunasagar Pendru Raghunath Ecology, Virulence and Detection of Pathogenic and Pandemic Vibrio Parahaemolyticus |
| title | Ecology, Virulence and Detection of Pathogenic and Pandemic Vibrio Parahaemolyticus |
| title_full | Ecology, Virulence and Detection of Pathogenic and Pandemic Vibrio Parahaemolyticus |
| title_fullStr | Ecology, Virulence and Detection of Pathogenic and Pandemic Vibrio Parahaemolyticus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecology, Virulence and Detection of Pathogenic and Pandemic Vibrio Parahaemolyticus |
| title_short | Ecology, Virulence and Detection of Pathogenic and Pandemic Vibrio Parahaemolyticus |
| title_sort | ecology virulence and detection of pathogenic and pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus |
| topic | QR1-502 Q1-390 Virulence Vibrio parahaemolyticus Genomic Islands tdh trh pandemic clone thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) |
| topic_facet | QR1-502 Q1-390 Virulence Vibrio parahaemolyticus Genomic Islands tdh trh pandemic clone thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) |
| url | 18299 |
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