Emerging Approaches for Typing, Detection, Characterization, and Traceback of Escherichia coli, 2nd Edition
Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains cause a large number of diseases in humans, including diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, urinary tract infections, and neonatal meningitis, while in animals they cause diseases such as calf scours and mastitis in cattle, post-weaning diarrhe...
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Frontiers Media SA
2021
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| অনলাইন ব্যবহার করুন: | 29662 |
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| _version_ | 1869531381415018496 |
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| author | David S. Needleman Pina M. Fratamico Chitrita DebRoy |
| author_browse | Chitrita DebRoy David S. Needleman Pina M. Fratamico |
| author_facet | David S. Needleman Pina M. Fratamico Chitrita DebRoy |
| author_sort | David S. Needleman |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains cause a large number of diseases in humans, including diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, urinary tract infections, and neonatal meningitis, while in animals they cause diseases such as calf scours and mastitis in cattle, post-weaning diarrhea and edema disease in pigs, and peritonitis and airsacculitis in chickens. The different E. coli pathotypes are characterized by the presence of specific sets of virulence-related genes. Therefore, it is not surprising that pathogenic E. coli constitutes a genetically heterogeneous family of bacteria, and they are continuing to evolve. Rapid and accurate molecular methods are critically needed to detect and trace pathogenic E. coli in food and animals. They are also needed for epidemiological investigations to enhance food safety, as well as animal and human health and to minimize the size and geographical extent of outbreaks. The serotype of E. coli strains has traditionally been determined using antisera raised against the >180 different O- (somatic) and 53 H- (flagellar) antigens. However, there are many problems associated with serotyping, including: it is labor-intensive and time consuming; cross reactivity of the antisera with different serogroups occurs; antisera are available only in specialized laboratories; and many strains are non-typeable. Molecular serotyping targeting O-group-specific genes within the E. coli O-antigen gene clusters and genes that are involved in encoding for the different flagellar types offers an improved approach for determining the E. coliO- and H-groups. Furthermore, molecular serotyping can be coupled with determination of specific sets of virulence genes carried by the strain offering the possibility to determine O-group, pathotype, and the pathogenic potential simultaneously. Sequencing of the O-antigen gene clusters of all of the known O-groups of E. coli is now complete, and the sequences have been deposited in the GenBank database. The sequence information has revealed that some E. coli serogroups have identical sequences while others have point mutations or insertion sequences and type as different serogroups in serological reactions. There are also a number of other ambiguities in serotyping that need to be resolved. Furthermore, new E. coli O-groups are being identified. Therefore, there is an essential need to resolve these issues and to revise the E. coli serotype nomenclature based on these findings. There are emerging technologies that can potentially be applied for molecular serotyping and detection and characterization of E. coli. On a related topic, the genome sequence of thousands of E. coli strains have been deposited in GenBank, and this information is revealing unique markers such as CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) and virulence gene markers that could be used to identify E. coli pathotypes. Whole genome sequencing now provides the opportunity to study the role of horizontal gene transfer in the evolution and emergence of pathogenic E. coli strains. Whole genome sequencing approaches are being investigated for genotyping and outbreak investigation for regulatory and public health needs; however, there is a need for establishing bioinformatics pipelines able to handle large amounts of data as we move toward the use of genetic approaches for non-culture-based detection and characterization of E. coli and for outbreak investigations. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-46249 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
| publisherStr | Frontiers Media SA |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-462492024-04-05T17:31:07Z Emerging Approaches for Typing, Detection, Characterization, and Traceback of Escherichia coli, 2nd Edition David S. Needleman Pina M. Fratamico Chitrita DebRoy QR1-502 Q1-390 whole genome sequencing detection pathogenic E. coli E. coli characterization Molecular serotyping Genetic Markers subtyping outbreak investigation Shiga toxin-producing E. coli virulence genes thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains cause a large number of diseases in humans, including diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, urinary tract infections, and neonatal meningitis, while in animals they cause diseases such as calf scours and mastitis in cattle, post-weaning diarrhea and edema disease in pigs, and peritonitis and airsacculitis in chickens. The different E. coli pathotypes are characterized by the presence of specific sets of virulence-related genes. Therefore, it is not surprising that pathogenic E. coli constitutes a genetically heterogeneous family of bacteria, and they are continuing to evolve. Rapid and accurate molecular methods are critically needed to detect and trace pathogenic E. coli in food and animals. They are also needed for epidemiological investigations to enhance food safety, as well as animal and human health and to minimize the size and geographical extent of outbreaks. The serotype of E. coli strains has traditionally been determined using antisera raised against the >180 different O- (somatic) and 53 H- (flagellar) antigens. However, there are many problems associated with serotyping, including: it is labor-intensive and time consuming; cross reactivity of the antisera with different serogroups occurs; antisera are available only in specialized laboratories; and many strains are non-typeable. Molecular serotyping targeting O-group-specific genes within the E. coli O-antigen gene clusters and genes that are involved in encoding for the different flagellar types offers an improved approach for determining the E. coliO- and H-groups. Furthermore, molecular serotyping can be coupled with determination of specific sets of virulence genes carried by the strain offering the possibility to determine O-group, pathotype, and the pathogenic potential simultaneously. Sequencing of the O-antigen gene clusters of all of the known O-groups of E. coli is now complete, and the sequences have been deposited in the GenBank database. The sequence information has revealed that some E. coli serogroups have identical sequences while others have point mutations or insertion sequences and type as different serogroups in serological reactions. There are also a number of other ambiguities in serotyping that need to be resolved. Furthermore, new E. coli O-groups are being identified. Therefore, there is an essential need to resolve these issues and to revise the E. coli serotype nomenclature based on these findings. There are emerging technologies that can potentially be applied for molecular serotyping and detection and characterization of E. coli. On a related topic, the genome sequence of thousands of E. coli strains have been deposited in GenBank, and this information is revealing unique markers such as CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) and virulence gene markers that could be used to identify E. coli pathotypes. Whole genome sequencing now provides the opportunity to study the role of horizontal gene transfer in the evolution and emergence of pathogenic E. coli strains. Whole genome sequencing approaches are being investigated for genotyping and outbreak investigation for regulatory and public health needs; however, there is a need for establishing bioinformatics pipelines able to handle large amounts of data as we move toward the use of genetic approaches for non-culture-based detection and characterization of E. coli and for outbreak investigations. 2021-02-11T12:25:47Z 2021-02-11T12:25:47Z 2018-11-16 17:17:57 2018 book 29662 16648714 9782889454334 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/46249 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/3874/emerging-approaches-for-typing-detection-characterization-and-traceback-of-escherichia-coli Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88945-433-4 10.3389/978-2-88945-433-4 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889454334 172 open access |
| spellingShingle | QR1-502 Q1-390 whole genome sequencing detection pathogenic E. coli E. coli characterization Molecular serotyping Genetic Markers subtyping outbreak investigation Shiga toxin-producing E. coli virulence genes thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) David S. Needleman Pina M. Fratamico Chitrita DebRoy Emerging Approaches for Typing, Detection, Characterization, and Traceback of Escherichia coli, 2nd Edition |
| title | Emerging Approaches for Typing, Detection, Characterization, and Traceback of Escherichia coli, 2nd Edition |
| title_full | Emerging Approaches for Typing, Detection, Characterization, and Traceback of Escherichia coli, 2nd Edition |
| title_fullStr | Emerging Approaches for Typing, Detection, Characterization, and Traceback of Escherichia coli, 2nd Edition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emerging Approaches for Typing, Detection, Characterization, and Traceback of Escherichia coli, 2nd Edition |
| title_short | Emerging Approaches for Typing, Detection, Characterization, and Traceback of Escherichia coli, 2nd Edition |
| title_sort | emerging approaches for typing detection characterization and traceback of escherichia coli 2nd edition |
| topic | QR1-502 Q1-390 whole genome sequencing detection pathogenic E. coli E. coli characterization Molecular serotyping Genetic Markers subtyping outbreak investigation Shiga toxin-producing E. coli virulence genes thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) |
| topic_facet | QR1-502 Q1-390 whole genome sequencing detection pathogenic E. coli E. coli characterization Molecular serotyping Genetic Markers subtyping outbreak investigation Shiga toxin-producing E. coli virulence genes thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) |
| url | 29662 |
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