Endoplasmic Reticulcum and Its Role in Tumor Immunity
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle crucial to many cellular functions and processes, including the mounting of T-cell immune responses. Indeed, the ER has a well-established central role in anti-tumor immunity. Perhaps best characterized is the role of the ER in the processing of antigen...
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Frontiers Media SA
2021
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| _version_ | 1869518169837666304 |
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| author | Marek Michalak Edwin Bremer Paul Eggleton |
| author_browse | Edwin Bremer Marek Michalak Paul Eggleton |
| author_facet | Marek Michalak Edwin Bremer Paul Eggleton |
| author_sort | Marek Michalak |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle crucial to many cellular functions and processes, including the mounting of T-cell immune responses. Indeed, the ER has a well-established central role in anti-tumor immunity. Perhaps best characterized is the role of the ER in the processing of antigen peptides and the subsequent peptide assembly into MHC class I and II molecules. Such MHC/tumor-derived peptide complexes are pivotal for the correct recognition of altered self or viral peptides and the subsequent clonal expansion of tumor-reactive T-cells. In line with the role of the ER in immunity, tumor-associated mutations in ER proteins, as well as ER protein content and localization can have both deleterious and advantageous effects on anti-tumor immune responses. For instance, loss of function of ER-aminopeptidases, that trim peptides to size for MHC, alter the MHC class I - peptide repertoire thereby critically and negatively affecting T-cell recognition. On the other hand, altered localization of ER proteins can have immune-promoting effects. Specifically, translocation of certain ER proteins to the cell surface has been shown to promote anti-tumor T-cell immunity by directing uptake of apoptotic tumor cells to professional antigen presenting cells, thereby facilitating anti-tumor T-cell immunity. These selected examples highlight a diverse and multi-faceted role of the ER in anti-tumor immunity. Molecular biological insights from the past decade have uncovered that ER components may affect tumor immunity and have invoked a variety of follow-up questions. For instance, how and why are ER proteins over-expressed in tumors? How do nucleotide and somatic mutations in ER chaperones/processing machinery affect the MHC/peptide complex and tumor cell immunogenicity? How do ER-proteins translocate to the cell surface? What if any is the potential role of extracellular ER protein in tumor immunotherapy/vaccines, and can they be delivered to the tumor cell surface by photodynamic therapy, anthracyclines or by other means? In this special research topics issue, we present basic and clinical research reports covering many aspects of ER proteins in cancer recognition by the immune system, therapy and drug development. We also present new insights into ER stress, signalling and homeostasis in immunogenic cell death in cancer, the effect of parasitic ER proteins on tumour growth, ER protein regulation of angiogenesis. A comprehensive series of articles highlight our understanding of an expanding avenue of tumour immunology and therapeutic development, which exploit a collection of proteins within the ER that are not obvious candidates for immunity against tumors. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-46347 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
| publisherStr | Frontiers Media SA |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-463472024-03-30T23:22:15Z Endoplasmic Reticulcum and Its Role in Tumor Immunity Marek Michalak Edwin Bremer Paul Eggleton R5-920 RC254-282 Autoimmunity Angiogenesis T-cell receptors genome damage phage display Aminopeptidases Grp170 Oxidoreductases Vaccines chaperones thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle crucial to many cellular functions and processes, including the mounting of T-cell immune responses. Indeed, the ER has a well-established central role in anti-tumor immunity. Perhaps best characterized is the role of the ER in the processing of antigen peptides and the subsequent peptide assembly into MHC class I and II molecules. Such MHC/tumor-derived peptide complexes are pivotal for the correct recognition of altered self or viral peptides and the subsequent clonal expansion of tumor-reactive T-cells. In line with the role of the ER in immunity, tumor-associated mutations in ER proteins, as well as ER protein content and localization can have both deleterious and advantageous effects on anti-tumor immune responses. For instance, loss of function of ER-aminopeptidases, that trim peptides to size for MHC, alter the MHC class I - peptide repertoire thereby critically and negatively affecting T-cell recognition. On the other hand, altered localization of ER proteins can have immune-promoting effects. Specifically, translocation of certain ER proteins to the cell surface has been shown to promote anti-tumor T-cell immunity by directing uptake of apoptotic tumor cells to professional antigen presenting cells, thereby facilitating anti-tumor T-cell immunity. These selected examples highlight a diverse and multi-faceted role of the ER in anti-tumor immunity. Molecular biological insights from the past decade have uncovered that ER components may affect tumor immunity and have invoked a variety of follow-up questions. For instance, how and why are ER proteins over-expressed in tumors? How do nucleotide and somatic mutations in ER chaperones/processing machinery affect the MHC/peptide complex and tumor cell immunogenicity? How do ER-proteins translocate to the cell surface? What if any is the potential role of extracellular ER protein in tumor immunotherapy/vaccines, and can they be delivered to the tumor cell surface by photodynamic therapy, anthracyclines or by other means? In this special research topics issue, we present basic and clinical research reports covering many aspects of ER proteins in cancer recognition by the immune system, therapy and drug development. We also present new insights into ER stress, signalling and homeostasis in immunogenic cell death in cancer, the effect of parasitic ER proteins on tumour growth, ER protein regulation of angiogenesis. A comprehensive series of articles highlight our understanding of an expanding avenue of tumour immunology and therapeutic development, which exploit a collection of proteins within the ER that are not obvious candidates for immunity against tumors. 2021-02-11T12:30:54Z 2021-02-11T12:30:54Z 2016-04-07 11:22:02 2016 book 18901 16648714 9782889197866 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/46347 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International http://www.frontiersin.org/books/Endoplasmic_Reticulum_and_Its_Role_in_Tumor_Immunity/802#nogo http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/2656/endoplasmic-reticulum-and-its-role-in-tumor-immunity Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88919-786-6 10.3389/978-2-88919-786-6 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889197866 101 open access |
| spellingShingle | R5-920 RC254-282 Autoimmunity Angiogenesis T-cell receptors genome damage phage display Aminopeptidases Grp170 Oxidoreductases Vaccines chaperones thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing Marek Michalak Edwin Bremer Paul Eggleton Endoplasmic Reticulcum and Its Role in Tumor Immunity |
| title | Endoplasmic Reticulcum and Its Role in Tumor Immunity |
| title_full | Endoplasmic Reticulcum and Its Role in Tumor Immunity |
| title_fullStr | Endoplasmic Reticulcum and Its Role in Tumor Immunity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Endoplasmic Reticulcum and Its Role in Tumor Immunity |
| title_short | Endoplasmic Reticulcum and Its Role in Tumor Immunity |
| title_sort | endoplasmic reticulcum and its role in tumor immunity |
| topic | R5-920 RC254-282 Autoimmunity Angiogenesis T-cell receptors genome damage phage display Aminopeptidases Grp170 Oxidoreductases Vaccines chaperones thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing |
| topic_facet | R5-920 RC254-282 Autoimmunity Angiogenesis T-cell receptors genome damage phage display Aminopeptidases Grp170 Oxidoreductases Vaccines chaperones thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing |
| url | 18901 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marekmichalak endoplasmicreticulcumanditsroleintumorimmunity AT edwinbremer endoplasmicreticulcumanditsroleintumorimmunity AT pauleggleton endoplasmicreticulcumanditsroleintumorimmunity |