Hormonal and Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Balance

Alteration in adequate energy balance maintenance results in serious disturbances such as obesity and its related metabolic disorders. In Mammals, energy balance is homeostatically controlled through hormonal and neuroendocrine systems which cooperation is based on cross-talk between central and per...

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Prif Awduron: Antonia Lanni, Maria Moreno
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Cyhoeddwyd: Frontiers Media SA 2021
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Mynediad Ar-lein:18272
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author Antonia Lanni
Maria Moreno
author_browse Antonia Lanni
Maria Moreno
author_facet Antonia Lanni
Maria Moreno
author_sort Antonia Lanni
collection Directory of Open Access Books
description Alteration in adequate energy balance maintenance results in serious disturbances such as obesity and its related metabolic disorders. In Mammals, energy balance is homeostatically controlled through hormonal and neuroendocrine systems which cooperation is based on cross-talk between central and peripheral signals. The hypothalamus as well as peripheral hormones among which adipokines from adipose tissue and thyroid hormones play a crucial role in energy homeostasis. Unraveling the physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms through which hormonal and neuroendocrine systems regulate energy balance has been a long-standing challenge in biology and is now more necessary when considering the world-wide increasing prevalence of obesity. Indeed, recognizing and understanding the biochemical and nutrient signaling pathways contributing to the nervous and endocrine integration of physiological mechanisms involved in the normal and/or abnormal regulation of energy balance is fundamental also to the development of new, effective, and targeted treatments for obesity. Recent studies have highlighted the role of hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin-expressing neurons in the regulation of energy homeostasis by controlling energy expenditure and food intake. This is accomplished through a precise balance of production and degradation of a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, an anorexigenic neuropeptide which is degraded to an inactive form unable to inhibit food intake by the key enzyme prolyl carboxypeptidase (PRCP), thus suggesting that pharmacologic approaches targeting PRCP may provide a novel and effective option for the management of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. Indeed, efforts have been made to generate potent, brain-penetrant PRCP inhibitors. Weight loss due to negative energy balance is a goal for obese subjects not always reachable by dietary caloric restriction or increased physical activity. Lipid-lowering therapies have been suggested to have potential benefits, however, the establishment of comprehensive therapeutic strategies is still awaited. Recently, it has been reported that thyroid hormone (TH)- derivatives such as 3,5-diiodothyronine and 3-iodothyronamine possess interesting biological activities, opening new perspectives in thyroid physiology and TH derivatives therapeutic usage. Moreover, several studies, focusing on the interaction between thyroid hormone (TH), the autonomic nervous system and the liver, revealed an important role for the hypothalamus in the differential effects of TH on autonomic outflow to peripheral organs controlling energy balance. This Research Topic aims to give a comprehensive and integrate view of the factors involved in the endocrine and neuroendocrine signaling in energy balance regulation to highlight their involvement into physiological processes and regulatory systems as well as their perturbation during pathological processes.
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spelling doab-20.500.12854ir-495632024-03-31T22:45:16Z Hormonal and Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Balance Antonia Lanni Maria Moreno QP1-981 Q1-390 Uncoupling Mitochondria catch up fat brown adipose tissue Thyroid Hormones Lipid Metabolism energy balance Apelin melanocortin Adipogenesis thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology Alteration in adequate energy balance maintenance results in serious disturbances such as obesity and its related metabolic disorders. In Mammals, energy balance is homeostatically controlled through hormonal and neuroendocrine systems which cooperation is based on cross-talk between central and peripheral signals. The hypothalamus as well as peripheral hormones among which adipokines from adipose tissue and thyroid hormones play a crucial role in energy homeostasis. Unraveling the physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms through which hormonal and neuroendocrine systems regulate energy balance has been a long-standing challenge in biology and is now more necessary when considering the world-wide increasing prevalence of obesity. Indeed, recognizing and understanding the biochemical and nutrient signaling pathways contributing to the nervous and endocrine integration of physiological mechanisms involved in the normal and/or abnormal regulation of energy balance is fundamental also to the development of new, effective, and targeted treatments for obesity. Recent studies have highlighted the role of hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin-expressing neurons in the regulation of energy homeostasis by controlling energy expenditure and food intake. This is accomplished through a precise balance of production and degradation of a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, an anorexigenic neuropeptide which is degraded to an inactive form unable to inhibit food intake by the key enzyme prolyl carboxypeptidase (PRCP), thus suggesting that pharmacologic approaches targeting PRCP may provide a novel and effective option for the management of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. Indeed, efforts have been made to generate potent, brain-penetrant PRCP inhibitors. Weight loss due to negative energy balance is a goal for obese subjects not always reachable by dietary caloric restriction or increased physical activity. Lipid-lowering therapies have been suggested to have potential benefits, however, the establishment of comprehensive therapeutic strategies is still awaited. Recently, it has been reported that thyroid hormone (TH)- derivatives such as 3,5-diiodothyronine and 3-iodothyronamine possess interesting biological activities, opening new perspectives in thyroid physiology and TH derivatives therapeutic usage. Moreover, several studies, focusing on the interaction between thyroid hormone (TH), the autonomic nervous system and the liver, revealed an important role for the hypothalamus in the differential effects of TH on autonomic outflow to peripheral organs controlling energy balance. This Research Topic aims to give a comprehensive and integrate view of the factors involved in the endocrine and neuroendocrine signaling in energy balance regulation to highlight their involvement into physiological processes and regulatory systems as well as their perturbation during pathological processes. 2021-02-11T15:32:47Z 2021-02-11T15:32:47Z 2016-01-19 14:05:46 2016 book 18272 16648714 9782889198856 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/49563 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International http://www.frontiersin.org/books/Hormonal_and_Neuroendocrine_Regulation_of_Energy_Balance/924#nogo http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/2735/hormonal-and-neuroendocrine-regulation-of-energy-balance Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88919-885-6 10.3389/978-2-88919-885-6 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889198856 117 open access
spellingShingle QP1-981
Q1-390
Uncoupling
Mitochondria
catch up fat
brown adipose tissue
Thyroid Hormones
Lipid Metabolism
energy balance
Apelin
melanocortin
Adipogenesis
thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology
Antonia Lanni
Maria Moreno
Hormonal and Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Balance
title Hormonal and Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Balance
title_full Hormonal and Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Balance
title_fullStr Hormonal and Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Balance
title_full_unstemmed Hormonal and Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Balance
title_short Hormonal and Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Balance
title_sort hormonal and neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance
topic QP1-981
Q1-390
Uncoupling
Mitochondria
catch up fat
brown adipose tissue
Thyroid Hormones
Lipid Metabolism
energy balance
Apelin
melanocortin
Adipogenesis
thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology
topic_facet QP1-981
Q1-390
Uncoupling
Mitochondria
catch up fat
brown adipose tissue
Thyroid Hormones
Lipid Metabolism
energy balance
Apelin
melanocortin
Adipogenesis
thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology
url 18272
work_keys_str_mv AT antonialanni hormonalandneuroendocrineregulationofenergybalance
AT mariamoreno hormonalandneuroendocrineregulationofenergybalance