Macromolecular Structure Underlying Recognition in Innate Immunity
Immune molecules have evolved to distinguish “self “molecules from “non-self”, “altered self” and “danger” molecules. Recognition is mediated via interactions between pattern recognition receptor molecules (PPRs) and their ligands, which include hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between ami...
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| Format: | Online |
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Frontiers Media SA
2021
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| Accés en línia: | 31937 |
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| author | Uttara SenGupta Maha Ahmed Al-Mozaini Uday Kishore |
| author_browse | Maha Ahmed Al-Mozaini Uday Kishore Uttara SenGupta |
| author_facet | Uttara SenGupta Maha Ahmed Al-Mozaini Uday Kishore |
| author_sort | Uttara SenGupta |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | Immune molecules have evolved to distinguish “self “molecules from “non-self”, “altered self” and “danger” molecules. Recognition is mediated via interactions between pattern recognition receptor molecules (PPRs) and their ligands, which include hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between amino acid residues on the PPRs and uncharged or charged groups on amino acid residues, sugar rings or DNA/RNA molecules. Recognition in innate immunity range from cases (C1q, mannin-binding protein etc) where recognition is orchestrated by interaction between many ligands with one receptor molecule, and density of interaction is necessary for strong specific recognition, distinct from weak non-specific binding, and cases such as TLRs and NLRs where recognition involves complexation of single receptor and ligand, followed by oligomerisation of the receptor molecule. The majority of PPR molecules bind and recognise a wide variety of ligands, e.g TLR4 recognises LPS (gram negative bacteria), Lipotechoic acid (gram positive bacteria), heat shock protein hsp60, respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein etc, molecules that are structurally dissimilar to each other. This indicates considerable flexibility in their binding domains (amino acid residue variations) and modes (hydrophobic and charged, direct or mediated via an adaptor molecule). However, in many cases there is a dearth of structural and molecular data available, required to delineate the mechanism of ligand binding underlining recognition in pathogen receptors in innate immunity. Insights into requirements of conformation, charge, surface etc in the recognition and function of innate immunity receptors and their activation pathways, based on current data can suggest valuable avenues for future work. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-52533 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
| publisherStr | Frontiers Media SA |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-525332024-03-30T23:23:08Z Macromolecular Structure Underlying Recognition in Innate Immunity Uttara SenGupta Maha Ahmed Al-Mozaini Uday Kishore R5-920 RC581-607 HIV-1 host-pathogen interactions zebrafish model system innate immunity protein-protein interaction complement malaria pattern recognition thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing Immune molecules have evolved to distinguish “self “molecules from “non-self”, “altered self” and “danger” molecules. Recognition is mediated via interactions between pattern recognition receptor molecules (PPRs) and their ligands, which include hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between amino acid residues on the PPRs and uncharged or charged groups on amino acid residues, sugar rings or DNA/RNA molecules. Recognition in innate immunity range from cases (C1q, mannin-binding protein etc) where recognition is orchestrated by interaction between many ligands with one receptor molecule, and density of interaction is necessary for strong specific recognition, distinct from weak non-specific binding, and cases such as TLRs and NLRs where recognition involves complexation of single receptor and ligand, followed by oligomerisation of the receptor molecule. The majority of PPR molecules bind and recognise a wide variety of ligands, e.g TLR4 recognises LPS (gram negative bacteria), Lipotechoic acid (gram positive bacteria), heat shock protein hsp60, respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein etc, molecules that are structurally dissimilar to each other. This indicates considerable flexibility in their binding domains (amino acid residue variations) and modes (hydrophobic and charged, direct or mediated via an adaptor molecule). However, in many cases there is a dearth of structural and molecular data available, required to delineate the mechanism of ligand binding underlining recognition in pathogen receptors in innate immunity. Insights into requirements of conformation, charge, surface etc in the recognition and function of innate immunity receptors and their activation pathways, based on current data can suggest valuable avenues for future work. 2021-02-11T18:31:19Z 2021-02-11T18:31:19Z 2019-01-23 14:53:42 2018 book 31937 16648714 9782889455270 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/52533 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/4019/macromolecular-structure-underlying-recognition-in-innate-immunity Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88945-527-0 10.3389/978-2-88945-527-0 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889455270 151 open access |
| spellingShingle | R5-920 RC581-607 HIV-1 host-pathogen interactions zebrafish model system innate immunity protein-protein interaction complement malaria pattern recognition thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing Uttara SenGupta Maha Ahmed Al-Mozaini Uday Kishore Macromolecular Structure Underlying Recognition in Innate Immunity |
| title | Macromolecular Structure Underlying Recognition in Innate Immunity |
| title_full | Macromolecular Structure Underlying Recognition in Innate Immunity |
| title_fullStr | Macromolecular Structure Underlying Recognition in Innate Immunity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Macromolecular Structure Underlying Recognition in Innate Immunity |
| title_short | Macromolecular Structure Underlying Recognition in Innate Immunity |
| title_sort | macromolecular structure underlying recognition in innate immunity |
| topic | R5-920 RC581-607 HIV-1 host-pathogen interactions zebrafish model system innate immunity protein-protein interaction complement malaria pattern recognition thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing |
| topic_facet | R5-920 RC581-607 HIV-1 host-pathogen interactions zebrafish model system innate immunity protein-protein interaction complement malaria pattern recognition thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing |
| url | 31937 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT uttarasengupta macromolecularstructureunderlyingrecognitionininnateimmunity AT mahaahmedalmozaini macromolecularstructureunderlyingrecognitionininnateimmunity AT udaykishore macromolecularstructureunderlyingrecognitionininnateimmunity |