Marine Biomolecules
Oceans include the greatest extremes of pressure, temperature and light, and habitats can range from tropical waters to ocean trenches, several kilometers below sea level at high pressure. With its 70% of the surface of our planet marine ecosystem still remains largely unexplored, understudied and u...
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Frontiers Media SA
2021
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| author | Antonio Trincone Mikhail Kusaykin Svetlana Ermakova |
| author_browse | Antonio Trincone Mikhail Kusaykin Svetlana Ermakova |
| author_facet | Antonio Trincone Mikhail Kusaykin Svetlana Ermakova |
| author_sort | Antonio Trincone |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | Oceans include the greatest extremes of pressure, temperature and light, and habitats can range from tropical waters to ocean trenches, several kilometers below sea level at high pressure. With its 70% of the surface of our planet marine ecosystem still remains largely unexplored, understudied and underexploited in comparison with terrestrial ecosystems, organisms and bioprocesses. The biological adaptation of marine organisms to a wide range of environmental conditions in the specific environment (temperature, salinity, tides, pressure, radiation, light, etc.) has made them an enormous reservoir of interesting biological material for both basic research and biotechnological improvements. As a consequence marine ecosystem is valued as a source of enzymes and other biomolecules exhibiting new functions and activities to fulfill human needs. Indeed, in recent years it has been recognised as an untapped source of novel enzymes and metabolites even though, with regard to the assignment of precise biological functions to genes, proteins and enzymes, it is still considered as the least developed. Using metagenomics to recover genetic material directly from environmental samples, this biogenetic diversification can be accessed but despite the contributions from metagenomic technologies the new field requires major improvements. A few words on the complexity of marine environments should be added here. This complexity ranges from symbiotic relationships to biology and chemistry of defence mechanisms and from chemoecology of marine invasions up to the strategies found in prokaryotes to adapt to extreme environments. The interdisciplinary study of this complexity will enable researchers to find an arsenal of enzymes and pathways greatly demanded in biotechnological applications. As far as marine enzymes are concerned they may carry novel chemical and stereochemical properties, thus biocatalytically oriented studies (testing of suitable substrates, appropriate checking of reaction conditions, study of stereochemical asset of catalysis) should be performed to appropriately reveal this “chemical biodiversity” which increases interest for these enzymes. Among other biomolecules, polysaccharides are the most abundant renewable biomaterial found on land and in oceans. Their molecular diversity is very interesting; except polysaccharides used traditionally in food and non-food industries, the structure and the functionality of most of them are unknown and unexplored. Brown seaweeds synthesize unique bioactive polysaccharides: laminarans, alginic acids and fucoidans. A wide range of biological activities (anticoagulant, antitumor, antiviral, anti-inflammation, etc.) have been attributed to fucoidans and their role with respect to structure-activity relationship is still under debate. In this Research Topic, we wish to centralize and review contributions, idea and comments related to the issues above. In particular results of enzymatic bioprospecting in gross marine environment will be acknowledged along with research for structural characterization and biological function of biomolecules such as marine polysaccharides and all kind of research related to the complexity of bioprocesses in marine environments. Inter- and multi-disciplinary approach to this field is favoured in this Research Topic and could greatly be facilitated by the web and open access nature as well. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-52767 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
| publisherStr | Frontiers Media SA |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-527672024-04-05T12:38:51Z Marine Biomolecules Antonio Trincone Mikhail Kusaykin Svetlana Ermakova QD1-999 TA1-2040 TP248.13-248.65 Q1-390 Marine enzymes algae and microalgae Marine Natural Products Olfaction sulfatase marine bioprocesses marine polysaccharides triterpene glycosides Biofuels Biodiversity thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry Oceans include the greatest extremes of pressure, temperature and light, and habitats can range from tropical waters to ocean trenches, several kilometers below sea level at high pressure. With its 70% of the surface of our planet marine ecosystem still remains largely unexplored, understudied and underexploited in comparison with terrestrial ecosystems, organisms and bioprocesses. The biological adaptation of marine organisms to a wide range of environmental conditions in the specific environment (temperature, salinity, tides, pressure, radiation, light, etc.) has made them an enormous reservoir of interesting biological material for both basic research and biotechnological improvements. As a consequence marine ecosystem is valued as a source of enzymes and other biomolecules exhibiting new functions and activities to fulfill human needs. Indeed, in recent years it has been recognised as an untapped source of novel enzymes and metabolites even though, with regard to the assignment of precise biological functions to genes, proteins and enzymes, it is still considered as the least developed. Using metagenomics to recover genetic material directly from environmental samples, this biogenetic diversification can be accessed but despite the contributions from metagenomic technologies the new field requires major improvements. A few words on the complexity of marine environments should be added here. This complexity ranges from symbiotic relationships to biology and chemistry of defence mechanisms and from chemoecology of marine invasions up to the strategies found in prokaryotes to adapt to extreme environments. The interdisciplinary study of this complexity will enable researchers to find an arsenal of enzymes and pathways greatly demanded in biotechnological applications. As far as marine enzymes are concerned they may carry novel chemical and stereochemical properties, thus biocatalytically oriented studies (testing of suitable substrates, appropriate checking of reaction conditions, study of stereochemical asset of catalysis) should be performed to appropriately reveal this “chemical biodiversity” which increases interest for these enzymes. Among other biomolecules, polysaccharides are the most abundant renewable biomaterial found on land and in oceans. Their molecular diversity is very interesting; except polysaccharides used traditionally in food and non-food industries, the structure and the functionality of most of them are unknown and unexplored. Brown seaweeds synthesize unique bioactive polysaccharides: laminarans, alginic acids and fucoidans. A wide range of biological activities (anticoagulant, antitumor, antiviral, anti-inflammation, etc.) have been attributed to fucoidans and their role with respect to structure-activity relationship is still under debate. In this Research Topic, we wish to centralize and review contributions, idea and comments related to the issues above. In particular results of enzymatic bioprospecting in gross marine environment will be acknowledged along with research for structural characterization and biological function of biomolecules such as marine polysaccharides and all kind of research related to the complexity of bioprocesses in marine environments. Inter- and multi-disciplinary approach to this field is favoured in this Research Topic and could greatly be facilitated by the web and open access nature as well. 2021-02-11T18:47:26Z 2021-02-11T18:47:26Z 2016-08-16 10:34:25 2015 book 19562 16648714 9782889196616 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/52767 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International http://www.frontiersin.org/books/Marine_biomolecules/693 http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/2008/marine-biomolecules Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88919-661-6 10.3389/978-2-88919-661-6 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889196616 97 open access |
| spellingShingle | QD1-999 TA1-2040 TP248.13-248.65 Q1-390 Marine enzymes algae and microalgae Marine Natural Products Olfaction sulfatase marine bioprocesses marine polysaccharides triterpene glycosides Biofuels Biodiversity thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry Antonio Trincone Mikhail Kusaykin Svetlana Ermakova Marine Biomolecules |
| title | Marine Biomolecules |
| title_full | Marine Biomolecules |
| title_fullStr | Marine Biomolecules |
| title_full_unstemmed | Marine Biomolecules |
| title_short | Marine Biomolecules |
| title_sort | marine biomolecules |
| topic | QD1-999 TA1-2040 TP248.13-248.65 Q1-390 Marine enzymes algae and microalgae Marine Natural Products Olfaction sulfatase marine bioprocesses marine polysaccharides triterpene glycosides Biofuels Biodiversity thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry |
| topic_facet | QD1-999 TA1-2040 TP248.13-248.65 Q1-390 Marine enzymes algae and microalgae Marine Natural Products Olfaction sulfatase marine bioprocesses marine polysaccharides triterpene glycosides Biofuels Biodiversity thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry |
| url | 19562 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT antoniotrincone marinebiomolecules AT mikhailkusaykin marinebiomolecules AT svetlanaermakova marinebiomolecules |