Microbial and Environmental Factors in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases
In recent years there has been a substantial increase in the number of diseases with the inflammatory component such as such as allergy, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowl disease (IBD, which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), chronic sinusitis, and many other conditions....
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| Format: | Online |
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Frontiers Media SA
2021
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| Online dostop: | 23460 |
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| _version_ | 1869518281140862976 |
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| author | Gayane Manukyan Ryo Inoue Rustam Aminov Marina I. Arleevskaya |
| author_browse | Gayane Manukyan Marina I. Arleevskaya Rustam Aminov Ryo Inoue |
| author_facet | Gayane Manukyan Ryo Inoue Rustam Aminov Marina I. Arleevskaya |
| author_sort | Gayane Manukyan |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | In recent years there has been a substantial increase in the number of diseases with the inflammatory component such as such as allergy, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowl disease (IBD, which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), chronic sinusitis, and many other conditions. The majority of these diseases are multifactorial, with the contribution of genetic and environmental factors. Among the latter, the role of certain microorganisms and viruses in triggering or sustaining the inflammatory process is most controversial. In rheumatoid arthritis, for example, the following bacteria and viruses have been implicated in triggering the disease: Mycoplasma spp., Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Bordetella spp., Acinetobacter spp., the parvoviruses, Epstein-Barr virus, and retroviruses. The list of putative microbial triggers of rheumatoid arthritis is still growing, and it becomes essentially impossible to make a causation link between certain infectious agents and the disease. In the light of these disappointing results there are calls for even larger studies with the use of more advanced and large-scale technologies. The primary function of the immune system is the maintenance of body homeostasis and protection against any threats to it via several lines of elaborate and complex immune defense. Given even higher complexity that involves the microbiota and the corresponding host-microbe interaction, the conditions for this equilibrium become even more challenging. In the absence of a defined pathogen, for example, the spectrum of microorganisms involved in triggering inappropriate immune responses may include polymicrobial communities or the cumulative effect of several microbial/viral factors. Under the normal circumstances there is a fine-tuned balance between commensal microbiota and the host’s immune responses. However, when this balance is compromised, for example in IBD, a massive immune response is launched against commensal microbiota resulting in chronic inflammation. Besides the microbial/viral factors, the balance of the immune system can be compromised by other causes. Given, for example, the close and inclusive interaction of the immune, nervous and endocrine systems, the list of these provoking factors can expand even more. For instance, it has been demonstrated that even mild sleep deprivation may increase the production of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. Understanding the complex role of microbial and environmental factors in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, therefore, is the main subject of this topic. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-53391 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
| publisherStr | Frontiers Media SA |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-533912024-03-30T23:22:16Z Microbial and Environmental Factors in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases Gayane Manukyan Ryo Inoue Rustam Aminov Marina I. Arleevskaya R5-920 RC581-607 QR1-502 Q1-390 environment Autoimmune ecology Silica exposure Rheumatoid arthritis Viruses Bacteria thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing In recent years there has been a substantial increase in the number of diseases with the inflammatory component such as such as allergy, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowl disease (IBD, which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), chronic sinusitis, and many other conditions. The majority of these diseases are multifactorial, with the contribution of genetic and environmental factors. Among the latter, the role of certain microorganisms and viruses in triggering or sustaining the inflammatory process is most controversial. In rheumatoid arthritis, for example, the following bacteria and viruses have been implicated in triggering the disease: Mycoplasma spp., Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Bordetella spp., Acinetobacter spp., the parvoviruses, Epstein-Barr virus, and retroviruses. The list of putative microbial triggers of rheumatoid arthritis is still growing, and it becomes essentially impossible to make a causation link between certain infectious agents and the disease. In the light of these disappointing results there are calls for even larger studies with the use of more advanced and large-scale technologies. The primary function of the immune system is the maintenance of body homeostasis and protection against any threats to it via several lines of elaborate and complex immune defense. Given even higher complexity that involves the microbiota and the corresponding host-microbe interaction, the conditions for this equilibrium become even more challenging. In the absence of a defined pathogen, for example, the spectrum of microorganisms involved in triggering inappropriate immune responses may include polymicrobial communities or the cumulative effect of several microbial/viral factors. Under the normal circumstances there is a fine-tuned balance between commensal microbiota and the host’s immune responses. However, when this balance is compromised, for example in IBD, a massive immune response is launched against commensal microbiota resulting in chronic inflammation. Besides the microbial/viral factors, the balance of the immune system can be compromised by other causes. Given, for example, the close and inclusive interaction of the immune, nervous and endocrine systems, the list of these provoking factors can expand even more. For instance, it has been demonstrated that even mild sleep deprivation may increase the production of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. Understanding the complex role of microbial and environmental factors in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, therefore, is the main subject of this topic. 2021-02-11T19:31:42Z 2021-02-11T19:31:42Z 2017-08-28 14:01:09 2017 book 23460 16648714 9782889451555 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/53391 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International http://www.frontiersin.org/books/Microbial_and_Environmental_Factors_in_Autoimmune_and_Inflammatory_Diseases/1179 http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/3813/microbial-and-environmental-factors-in-autoimmune-and-inflammatory-diseases Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88945-155-5 10.3389/978-2-88945-155-5 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889451555 193 open access |
| spellingShingle | R5-920 RC581-607 QR1-502 Q1-390 environment Autoimmune ecology Silica exposure Rheumatoid arthritis Viruses Bacteria thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing Gayane Manukyan Ryo Inoue Rustam Aminov Marina I. Arleevskaya Microbial and Environmental Factors in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases |
| title | Microbial and Environmental Factors in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases |
| title_full | Microbial and Environmental Factors in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Microbial and Environmental Factors in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbial and Environmental Factors in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases |
| title_short | Microbial and Environmental Factors in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases |
| title_sort | microbial and environmental factors in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases |
| topic | R5-920 RC581-607 QR1-502 Q1-390 environment Autoimmune ecology Silica exposure Rheumatoid arthritis Viruses Bacteria thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing |
| topic_facet | R5-920 RC581-607 QR1-502 Q1-390 environment Autoimmune ecology Silica exposure Rheumatoid arthritis Viruses Bacteria thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing |
| url | 23460 |
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