Molecular and Biotechnological Advancements in Hypericum Species
Hypericum is an important genus of the family Hypericaceae and includes almost 500 species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Being the home for many important bioactive compounds, these species have a long traditional value as medicinal plants. Currently, several species of this genus have been used in ai...
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2021
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| author | Gregory Franklin Eva Cellarova Ludger Beerhues |
| author_browse | Eva Cellarova Gregory Franklin Ludger Beerhues |
| author_facet | Gregory Franklin Eva Cellarova Ludger Beerhues |
| author_sort | Gregory Franklin |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | Hypericum is an important genus of the family Hypericaceae and includes almost 500 species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Being the home for many important bioactive compounds, these species have a long traditional value as medicinal plants. Currently, several species of this genus have been used in ailments as knowledge-based medicine in many countries. In the recent past, several pharmacological studies have been performed using crude extracts to evaluate the traditional knowledge. Results of those studies have revealed that Hypericum extract exert multiple pharmacological properties including antidepressant, antimicrobial, antitumor and wound healing effects. Phytochemical analyses revealed that these species produce a broad spectrum of valuable compounds, mainly naphthodianthrones (hypericin and pseudohypericin), phloroglucinols (hyperforin and adhyperforin), flavonoids (hyperoside, rutin and quercitrin), benzophenones/xanthones (garcinol and gambogic acid), and essential oils. Noticeably, Hypericum perforatum extracts have been used to treat mild to moderate depression from ancient to present times and the antidepressant efficacy of Hypericum extracts has been attributed to its hyperforin content, which is known to inhibit the re-uptake of aminergic transmitters such as serotonin and noradrenaline into synaptic nerve endings. Neurodegenerative diseases and inflammatory responses are also linked with Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production. A wide range of flavonoids present in Hypericum extracts, namely, rutin, quercetin, and quercitrin exhibit antioxidant/free radical scavenging activity. Hypericin, beside hyperforin, is the active molecule responsible for the antitumor ability of Hypericum extracts and is seen as a potent candidate to treat brain tumor. Recent attempts of using hypericin in patients with recurrent malignant brain tumors showed promising results. Collectively, Hypericum species contain multiple bioactive constituents, suggesting their potential to occupy a huge portion of the phytomedicine market. Today, studies on medicinal plants are rapidly increasing because of the search for new active molecules, and for the improvement in the production of plants and molecules for the herbal pharmaceutical industries. In the post genomic era, application of molecular biology and genomic tools revolutionized our understanding of major biosynthetic pathways, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Hypericum species and individual compounds. This special issue mainly focuses on the recent advancements made in the understanding of biosynthetic pathways, application of biotechnology, molecular biology, genomics, pharmacology and related areas. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-53819 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
| publisherStr | Frontiers Media SA |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-538192024-04-05T17:31:21Z Molecular and Biotechnological Advancements in Hypericum Species Gregory Franklin Eva Cellarova Ludger Beerhues QK1-989 Q1-390 Biotechnology Metabolomics Flavonoids Hypericum spp. Xanthones Hyperforins Biosynthetic Pathways Pharmacology Hypericins thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences Hypericum is an important genus of the family Hypericaceae and includes almost 500 species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Being the home for many important bioactive compounds, these species have a long traditional value as medicinal plants. Currently, several species of this genus have been used in ailments as knowledge-based medicine in many countries. In the recent past, several pharmacological studies have been performed using crude extracts to evaluate the traditional knowledge. Results of those studies have revealed that Hypericum extract exert multiple pharmacological properties including antidepressant, antimicrobial, antitumor and wound healing effects. Phytochemical analyses revealed that these species produce a broad spectrum of valuable compounds, mainly naphthodianthrones (hypericin and pseudohypericin), phloroglucinols (hyperforin and adhyperforin), flavonoids (hyperoside, rutin and quercitrin), benzophenones/xanthones (garcinol and gambogic acid), and essential oils. Noticeably, Hypericum perforatum extracts have been used to treat mild to moderate depression from ancient to present times and the antidepressant efficacy of Hypericum extracts has been attributed to its hyperforin content, which is known to inhibit the re-uptake of aminergic transmitters such as serotonin and noradrenaline into synaptic nerve endings. Neurodegenerative diseases and inflammatory responses are also linked with Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production. A wide range of flavonoids present in Hypericum extracts, namely, rutin, quercetin, and quercitrin exhibit antioxidant/free radical scavenging activity. Hypericin, beside hyperforin, is the active molecule responsible for the antitumor ability of Hypericum extracts and is seen as a potent candidate to treat brain tumor. Recent attempts of using hypericin in patients with recurrent malignant brain tumors showed promising results. Collectively, Hypericum species contain multiple bioactive constituents, suggesting their potential to occupy a huge portion of the phytomedicine market. Today, studies on medicinal plants are rapidly increasing because of the search for new active molecules, and for the improvement in the production of plants and molecules for the herbal pharmaceutical industries. In the post genomic era, application of molecular biology and genomic tools revolutionized our understanding of major biosynthetic pathways, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Hypericum species and individual compounds. This special issue mainly focuses on the recent advancements made in the understanding of biosynthetic pathways, application of biotechnology, molecular biology, genomics, pharmacology and related areas. 2021-02-11T20:02:31Z 2021-02-11T20:02:31Z 2017-07-06 13:27:36 2017 book 22968 16648714 9782889451173 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/53819 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International http://www.frontiersin.org/books/Molecular_and_Biotechnological_Advancements_in__Hypericum__Species/1146#nogo http://www.frontiersin.org/books/Molecular_and_Biotechnological_Advancements_in__Hypericum__Species/1146#nogo Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88945-117-3 10.3389/978-2-88945-117-3 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889451173 159 open access |
| spellingShingle | QK1-989 Q1-390 Biotechnology Metabolomics Flavonoids Hypericum spp. Xanthones Hyperforins Biosynthetic Pathways Pharmacology Hypericins thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences Gregory Franklin Eva Cellarova Ludger Beerhues Molecular and Biotechnological Advancements in Hypericum Species |
| title | Molecular and Biotechnological Advancements in Hypericum Species |
| title_full | Molecular and Biotechnological Advancements in Hypericum Species |
| title_fullStr | Molecular and Biotechnological Advancements in Hypericum Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular and Biotechnological Advancements in Hypericum Species |
| title_short | Molecular and Biotechnological Advancements in Hypericum Species |
| title_sort | molecular and biotechnological advancements in hypericum species |
| topic | QK1-989 Q1-390 Biotechnology Metabolomics Flavonoids Hypericum spp. Xanthones Hyperforins Biosynthetic Pathways Pharmacology Hypericins thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences |
| topic_facet | QK1-989 Q1-390 Biotechnology Metabolomics Flavonoids Hypericum spp. Xanthones Hyperforins Biosynthetic Pathways Pharmacology Hypericins thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences |
| url | 22968 |
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