Neural circuits underlying emotion and motivation: Insights from optogenetics and pharmacogenetics
Application of optogenetic and pharmacogenetic tools to study the neural circuits underlying emotional valence, feeding, arousal and motivated behaviors has provided crucial insights into brain function. Expression of light sensitive proteins into specific neurons and subsequent stimulation by light...
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Frontiers Media SA
2021
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| author | Mary Kay Lobo Anton Ilango |
| author_browse | Anton Ilango Mary Kay Lobo |
| author_facet | Mary Kay Lobo Anton Ilango |
| author_sort | Mary Kay Lobo |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | Application of optogenetic and pharmacogenetic tools to study the neural circuits underlying emotional valence, feeding, arousal and motivated behaviors has provided crucial insights into brain function. Expression of light sensitive proteins into specific neurons and subsequent stimulation by light (optogenetics) to control neuronal activity or expression of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) in specific neuronal populations with subsequent activation or suppression of neuronal activity by an otherwise inert ligand (pharmacogenetics) provides control over defined elements of neural circuits. These novel tools have provided a more in depth understanding into several questions about brain function. These include: • Regulation of sleep-wake transition by the interaction of hypocretin neurons of lateral hypothalamus and nor adrenergic neurons of the locus coruleaus • Regulation of feeding by AGRP and POMC neurons in arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus • Place preference and positive reinforcement by activation of DA neuron of VTA • Place aversion by activation of VTA GABA and lateral habenula neurons • Opposing influences on reinforcement by activation of D1 and D2 expressing medium spiny neurons of dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens The list still grows... From cell type specific manipulations to signaling properties in the cell (Dietz et al 2012) with unprecedented temporal resolution, these tools revolutionize the exploration of pathways/connectivity. Recent years also witnessed the extension of applying these tools from studying emotional valence and motivated behavior to reactivation of memory. c-fos based genetic approaches allowed us to integrate light sensitive opsins or DREADD receptor into specific neurons that are activated by certain learning events (for example fear) (Garner et al 2012; Liu et al 2012). In this Research Topic, we welcome researchers to contribute original research articles, review articles, methods and commentary on topics utilizing optogenetic and pharmacogenetic tools to study the neural circuits underlying emotional valence, motivation, reinforcement and memory. We believe the Research Topic will shine light on various questions we have about brain function by using novel optogenetic and pharmacogenetic tools and will hopefully inspire ongoing research to overcome the hurdles of using these tools to advance clinical applications. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-54471 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
| publisherStr | Frontiers Media SA |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-544712024-04-05T12:36:11Z Neural circuits underlying emotion and motivation: Insights from optogenetics and pharmacogenetics Mary Kay Lobo Anton Ilango RC321-571 Q1-390 Pharmacogenetics habits Pain emotion Motivation Addiction Memory optogenetics Reinforcement thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences Application of optogenetic and pharmacogenetic tools to study the neural circuits underlying emotional valence, feeding, arousal and motivated behaviors has provided crucial insights into brain function. Expression of light sensitive proteins into specific neurons and subsequent stimulation by light (optogenetics) to control neuronal activity or expression of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) in specific neuronal populations with subsequent activation or suppression of neuronal activity by an otherwise inert ligand (pharmacogenetics) provides control over defined elements of neural circuits. These novel tools have provided a more in depth understanding into several questions about brain function. These include: • Regulation of sleep-wake transition by the interaction of hypocretin neurons of lateral hypothalamus and nor adrenergic neurons of the locus coruleaus • Regulation of feeding by AGRP and POMC neurons in arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus • Place preference and positive reinforcement by activation of DA neuron of VTA • Place aversion by activation of VTA GABA and lateral habenula neurons • Opposing influences on reinforcement by activation of D1 and D2 expressing medium spiny neurons of dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens The list still grows... From cell type specific manipulations to signaling properties in the cell (Dietz et al 2012) with unprecedented temporal resolution, these tools revolutionize the exploration of pathways/connectivity. Recent years also witnessed the extension of applying these tools from studying emotional valence and motivated behavior to reactivation of memory. c-fos based genetic approaches allowed us to integrate light sensitive opsins or DREADD receptor into specific neurons that are activated by certain learning events (for example fear) (Garner et al 2012; Liu et al 2012). In this Research Topic, we welcome researchers to contribute original research articles, review articles, methods and commentary on topics utilizing optogenetic and pharmacogenetic tools to study the neural circuits underlying emotional valence, motivation, reinforcement and memory. We believe the Research Topic will shine light on various questions we have about brain function by using novel optogenetic and pharmacogenetic tools and will hopefully inspire ongoing research to overcome the hurdles of using these tools to advance clinical applications. 2021-02-11T20:47:51Z 2021-02-11T20:47:51Z 2015-12-10 11:59:06 2015 book 17830 16648714 9782889195343 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/54471 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International http://www.frontiersin.org/books/Neural_circuits_underlying_emotion_and_motivation_Insights_from_optogenetics_and_pharmacogenetics/564#nogo http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/1738/neural-circuits-underlying-emotion-and-motivation-insights-from-optogenetics-and-pharmacogenetics Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88919-534-3 10.3389/978-2-88919-534-3 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889195343 172 open access |
| spellingShingle | RC321-571 Q1-390 Pharmacogenetics habits Pain emotion Motivation Addiction Memory optogenetics Reinforcement thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences Mary Kay Lobo Anton Ilango Neural circuits underlying emotion and motivation: Insights from optogenetics and pharmacogenetics |
| title | Neural circuits underlying emotion and motivation: Insights from optogenetics and pharmacogenetics |
| title_full | Neural circuits underlying emotion and motivation: Insights from optogenetics and pharmacogenetics |
| title_fullStr | Neural circuits underlying emotion and motivation: Insights from optogenetics and pharmacogenetics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neural circuits underlying emotion and motivation: Insights from optogenetics and pharmacogenetics |
| title_short | Neural circuits underlying emotion and motivation: Insights from optogenetics and pharmacogenetics |
| title_sort | neural circuits underlying emotion and motivation insights from optogenetics and pharmacogenetics |
| topic | RC321-571 Q1-390 Pharmacogenetics habits Pain emotion Motivation Addiction Memory optogenetics Reinforcement thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences |
| topic_facet | RC321-571 Q1-390 Pharmacogenetics habits Pain emotion Motivation Addiction Memory optogenetics Reinforcement thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences |
| url | 17830 |
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