New Perspectives in Neurosteroids action: a Special Player Allopregnanolone
Early in the 80’s date the first observations on the existence of hormonal steroids that may be synthesized and act in the nervous system. In order to refer to these endogenous steroids, proved important to control both central and peripheral nervous system, it was proposed the term “neurosteroids”...
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| Formaat: | Online |
| Taal: | Engels |
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Frontiers Media SA
2021
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| Online toegang: | 18164 |
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| _version_ | 1869530832045080576 |
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| author | Valerio Magnaghi Giulia Puja |
| author_browse | Giulia Puja Valerio Magnaghi |
| author_facet | Valerio Magnaghi Giulia Puja |
| author_sort | Valerio Magnaghi |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | Early in the 80’s date the first observations on the existence of hormonal steroids that may be synthesized and act in the nervous system. In order to refer to these endogenous steroids, proved important to control both central and peripheral nervous system, it was proposed the term “neurosteroids” (NSs). Over the years, their importance in regulating the physiological functions of neuronal and glial cells increased progressively. These steroids can be involved in several pathophysiological conditions such as depression, anxiety, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), schizophrenia and Alzheimer disease. Among the different classes of NSs, the progestagens revealed particularly important. The progesterone metabolite 5a-pregnan-3a-ol-20-one, also named tetrahydroprogesterone or allopregnanolone (ALLO) was one of the first most important steroid that was originally shown to act as neurosteroid. ALLO is synthesized through the action of the 5aR-3a-HSD, which converts P into DHP and subsequently, via a bidirectional reaction, into ALLO. NSs exert complex effects in the nervous system through ‘classic’, genomic, and ‘non-classic’, non-genomic actions. ALLO displays a rapid ‘non-genomic’ effect, which mainly involves the potent modulation of the GABA type A (GABA-A) receptor function. Recently a membrane receptor has been identified as target for ALLO effects, i.e. the membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) that are able to activate a signalling cascade through G protein dependent mechanisms. By these ways, ALLO is able to modulate several cell functions, acting as neurogenic molecule on neural progenitor cells, as well as by activating proliferation and differentiation of glial cells in the central and peripheral nervous system. In this topic, we review the most recent acquisitions in the field of neurosteroids, focusing our attention on ALLO because its effects on the physiology of neurons and glial cells of the central and peripheral nervous system are intriguing and could potentially lead to the development of new strategies for neuroprotection and/or regeneration of injured nervous tissues and for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-54610 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
| publisherStr | Frontiers Media SA |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-546102024-04-05T17:30:26Z New Perspectives in Neurosteroids action: a Special Player Allopregnanolone Valerio Magnaghi Giulia Puja RC321-571 Q1-390 ganaxolone Non genomic action neurodegenerative disease Pain GABA A receptor Membrane progesterone receptor Tetrahydroprogesterone PKC epsilon neurosteroid neuropsychiatric disorder thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences Early in the 80’s date the first observations on the existence of hormonal steroids that may be synthesized and act in the nervous system. In order to refer to these endogenous steroids, proved important to control both central and peripheral nervous system, it was proposed the term “neurosteroids” (NSs). Over the years, their importance in regulating the physiological functions of neuronal and glial cells increased progressively. These steroids can be involved in several pathophysiological conditions such as depression, anxiety, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), schizophrenia and Alzheimer disease. Among the different classes of NSs, the progestagens revealed particularly important. The progesterone metabolite 5a-pregnan-3a-ol-20-one, also named tetrahydroprogesterone or allopregnanolone (ALLO) was one of the first most important steroid that was originally shown to act as neurosteroid. ALLO is synthesized through the action of the 5aR-3a-HSD, which converts P into DHP and subsequently, via a bidirectional reaction, into ALLO. NSs exert complex effects in the nervous system through ‘classic’, genomic, and ‘non-classic’, non-genomic actions. ALLO displays a rapid ‘non-genomic’ effect, which mainly involves the potent modulation of the GABA type A (GABA-A) receptor function. Recently a membrane receptor has been identified as target for ALLO effects, i.e. the membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) that are able to activate a signalling cascade through G protein dependent mechanisms. By these ways, ALLO is able to modulate several cell functions, acting as neurogenic molecule on neural progenitor cells, as well as by activating proliferation and differentiation of glial cells in the central and peripheral nervous system. In this topic, we review the most recent acquisitions in the field of neurosteroids, focusing our attention on ALLO because its effects on the physiology of neurons and glial cells of the central and peripheral nervous system are intriguing and could potentially lead to the development of new strategies for neuroprotection and/or regeneration of injured nervous tissues and for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. 2021-02-11T20:56:24Z 2021-02-11T20:56:24Z 2016-01-19 14:05:46 2015 book 18164 16648714 9782889195558 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/54610 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International http://www.frontiersin.org/books/New_Perspectives_in_Neurosteroids_action_a_Special_Player_Allopregnanolone/605#nogo http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/1901/new-perspectives-in-neurosteroids-action-a-special-player-allopregnanolone Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88919-555-8 10.3389/978-2-88919-555-8 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889195558 86 open access |
| spellingShingle | RC321-571 Q1-390 ganaxolone Non genomic action neurodegenerative disease Pain GABA A receptor Membrane progesterone receptor Tetrahydroprogesterone PKC epsilon neurosteroid neuropsychiatric disorder thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences Valerio Magnaghi Giulia Puja New Perspectives in Neurosteroids action: a Special Player Allopregnanolone |
| title | New Perspectives in Neurosteroids action: a Special Player Allopregnanolone |
| title_full | New Perspectives in Neurosteroids action: a Special Player Allopregnanolone |
| title_fullStr | New Perspectives in Neurosteroids action: a Special Player Allopregnanolone |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Perspectives in Neurosteroids action: a Special Player Allopregnanolone |
| title_short | New Perspectives in Neurosteroids action: a Special Player Allopregnanolone |
| title_sort | new perspectives in neurosteroids action a special player allopregnanolone |
| topic | RC321-571 Q1-390 ganaxolone Non genomic action neurodegenerative disease Pain GABA A receptor Membrane progesterone receptor Tetrahydroprogesterone PKC epsilon neurosteroid neuropsychiatric disorder thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences |
| topic_facet | RC321-571 Q1-390 ganaxolone Non genomic action neurodegenerative disease Pain GABA A receptor Membrane progesterone receptor Tetrahydroprogesterone PKC epsilon neurosteroid neuropsychiatric disorder thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences |
| url | 18164 |
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