Plasticity of GABAergic synapses
Learning and memory are believed to depend on plastic changes of neuronal circuits due to activity-dependent potentiation or depression of specific synapses. During the last two decades, plasticity of brain circuits was hypothesized to mainly rely on the flexibility of glutamatergic excitatory synap...
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| Format: | Online |
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Frontiers Media SA
2021
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| _version_ | 1869527263829032960 |
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| author | Alberto Bacci Andrea Barberis |
| author_browse | Alberto Bacci Andrea Barberis |
| author_facet | Alberto Bacci Andrea Barberis |
| author_sort | Alberto Bacci |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | Learning and memory are believed to depend on plastic changes of neuronal circuits due to activity-dependent potentiation or depression of specific synapses. During the last two decades, plasticity of brain circuits was hypothesized to mainly rely on the flexibility of glutamatergic excitatory synapses, whereas inhibitory synapses were assumed relatively invariant, to ensure stable and reliable control of the neuronal network. As a consequence, while considerable efforts were made to clarify the main mechanisms underlying plasticity at excitatory synapses, the study of the cellular/molecular mechanisms of inhibitory plasticity has received much less attention. Nevertheless, an increasing body of evidence has revealed that inhibitory synapses undergo several types of plasticity at both pre- and postsynaptic levels. Given the crucial role of inhibitory interneurons in shaping network activities, such as generation of oscillations, selection of cell assemblies and signal integration, modifications of the inhibitory synaptic strength represents an extraordinary source of versatility for the fine control of brain states. This versatility also results from the rich diversity of GABAergic neurons in several brain areas, the specific role played by each inhibitory neuron subtype within a given circuit, and the heterogeneity of the properties and modulation of GABAergic synapses formed by specific interneuron classes. The molecular mechanisms underlying the potentiation or depression of inhibitory synapses are now beginning to be unraveled. At the presynaptic level, retrograde synaptic signaling was demonstrated to modulate GABA release, whereas postsynaptic forms of plasticity involve changes in the number/gating properties of GABAA receptors and/or shifts of chloride gradients. In addition, recent research indicates that GABAergic tonic inhibition can also be plastic, adding a further level of complexity to the control of the excitatory/inhibitory balance in the brain. The present Topic will focus on plasticity of GABAergic synapses, with special emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of plasticity induction and/or expression. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-56388 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
| publisherStr | Frontiers Media SA |
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| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-563882024-04-05T17:29:29Z Plasticity of GABAergic synapses Alberto Bacci Andrea Barberis RC321-571 Q1-390 structural plasticity Interneurons receptor lateral diffusion inhibitory post-synaptic density GABAergic synapses gephyrin GABAergic plasticity inhibitory plasticity GABAA receptors inhibitory circuits thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences Learning and memory are believed to depend on plastic changes of neuronal circuits due to activity-dependent potentiation or depression of specific synapses. During the last two decades, plasticity of brain circuits was hypothesized to mainly rely on the flexibility of glutamatergic excitatory synapses, whereas inhibitory synapses were assumed relatively invariant, to ensure stable and reliable control of the neuronal network. As a consequence, while considerable efforts were made to clarify the main mechanisms underlying plasticity at excitatory synapses, the study of the cellular/molecular mechanisms of inhibitory plasticity has received much less attention. Nevertheless, an increasing body of evidence has revealed that inhibitory synapses undergo several types of plasticity at both pre- and postsynaptic levels. Given the crucial role of inhibitory interneurons in shaping network activities, such as generation of oscillations, selection of cell assemblies and signal integration, modifications of the inhibitory synaptic strength represents an extraordinary source of versatility for the fine control of brain states. This versatility also results from the rich diversity of GABAergic neurons in several brain areas, the specific role played by each inhibitory neuron subtype within a given circuit, and the heterogeneity of the properties and modulation of GABAergic synapses formed by specific interneuron classes. The molecular mechanisms underlying the potentiation or depression of inhibitory synapses are now beginning to be unraveled. At the presynaptic level, retrograde synaptic signaling was demonstrated to modulate GABA release, whereas postsynaptic forms of plasticity involve changes in the number/gating properties of GABAA receptors and/or shifts of chloride gradients. In addition, recent research indicates that GABAergic tonic inhibition can also be plastic, adding a further level of complexity to the control of the excitatory/inhibitory balance in the brain. The present Topic will focus on plasticity of GABAergic synapses, with special emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of plasticity induction and/or expression. 2021-02-11T23:06:30Z 2021-02-11T23:06:30Z 2016-04-07 11:22:02 2016 book 18852 16648714 9782889197323 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/56388 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International http://www.frontiersin.org/books/Plasticity_of_GABAergic_Synapses/776#nogo http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/1549/plasticity-of-gabaergic-synapses Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88919-732-3 10.3389/978-2-88919-732-3 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889197323 175 open access |
| spellingShingle | RC321-571 Q1-390 structural plasticity Interneurons receptor lateral diffusion inhibitory post-synaptic density GABAergic synapses gephyrin GABAergic plasticity inhibitory plasticity GABAA receptors inhibitory circuits thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences Alberto Bacci Andrea Barberis Plasticity of GABAergic synapses |
| title | Plasticity of GABAergic synapses |
| title_full | Plasticity of GABAergic synapses |
| title_fullStr | Plasticity of GABAergic synapses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plasticity of GABAergic synapses |
| title_short | Plasticity of GABAergic synapses |
| title_sort | plasticity of gabaergic synapses |
| topic | RC321-571 Q1-390 structural plasticity Interneurons receptor lateral diffusion inhibitory post-synaptic density GABAergic synapses gephyrin GABAergic plasticity inhibitory plasticity GABAA receptors inhibitory circuits thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences |
| topic_facet | RC321-571 Q1-390 structural plasticity Interneurons receptor lateral diffusion inhibitory post-synaptic density GABAergic synapses gephyrin GABAergic plasticity inhibitory plasticity GABAA receptors inhibitory circuits thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences |
| url | 18852 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT albertobacci plasticityofgabaergicsynapses AT andreabarberis plasticityofgabaergicsynapses |