Plastid Proteostasis: Relevance of Transcription; Translation and Post-Translational Modifications

Due to their bacterial endosymbiotic origin plastids are organelles with both nuclear-encoded and plastid-encoded proteins. Therefore, a highly integrated modulation of gene expression between the nucleus and the plastome is needed in plant cell development. Plastids have retained for the most part...

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সংরক্ষণ করুন:
গ্রন্থ-পঞ্জীর বিবরন
প্রধান লেখক: Michele Bellucci, Fiammetta Alagna, Andrea Pompa, Dario Leister
বিন্যাস: Online
ভাষা:ইংরেজি
প্রকাশিত: Frontiers Media SA 2021
বিষয়গুলি:
অনলাইন ব্যবহার করুন:25643
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author Michele Bellucci
Fiammetta Alagna
Andrea Pompa
Dario Leister
author_browse Andrea Pompa
Dario Leister
Fiammetta Alagna
Michele Bellucci
author_facet Michele Bellucci
Fiammetta Alagna
Andrea Pompa
Dario Leister
author_sort Michele Bellucci
collection Directory of Open Access Books
description Due to their bacterial endosymbiotic origin plastids are organelles with both nuclear-encoded and plastid-encoded proteins. Therefore, a highly integrated modulation of gene expression between the nucleus and the plastome is needed in plant cell development. Plastids have retained for the most part a prokaryotic gene expression machinery but, differently from prokaryotes and eukaryotes, they have largely abandoned transcriptional control and switched to predominantly translational control of their gene expression. Some transcriptional regulation is known to occur, but the coordinate expression between the nucleus and the plastome takes place mainly through translational regulation. However, the regulatory mechanisms of plastid gene expression (PGE) are mediated by intricate plastid-nuclear interactions and are still far from being fully understood. Although, for example, translational autoregulation mechanisms in algae have been described for subunits of heteromeric protein complexes and termed control by epistasy of synthesis (CES), only few autoregulatory proteins have been identified in plant plastids. It should be noted of course that PGE in C. reinhardtii is different from that in plants in many aspects. Another example of investigation in this research area is to understand the interactions that occur during RNA binding between nucleus-encoded RNA-binding proteins and the respective RNA sequences, and how this influences the translation initiation process. In addition to this, the plastid retains a whole series of mechanisms for the preservation of its protein balance (proteostasis), including specific proteases, as well as molecular chaperones and enzymes useful in protein folding. After synthesis, plastid proteins must rapidly fold into stable three dimensional structures and often undergo co- and posttranslational modifications to perform their biological mission, avoiding aberrant folding, aggregation and targeting with the help of molecular chaperones and proteases. We believe that this topic is highly interesting for many research areas because the regulation of PGE is not only of wide interest for plant biologists but has also biotechnological implications. Indeed, plastid transformation turns out to be a very promising tool for the production of recombinant proteins in plants, yet some limitations must still be overcome and we believe that this is mainly due to our limited knowledge of the mechanisms in plastids influencing the maintenance of proteostasis.
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spelling doab-20.500.12854ir-563912024-04-05T17:31:15Z Plastid Proteostasis: Relevance of Transcription; Translation and Post-Translational Modifications Michele Bellucci Fiammetta Alagna Andrea Pompa Dario Leister QK1-989 Q1-390 plastome regulation nuclear-plastid interactions gene expression protein balance thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences Due to their bacterial endosymbiotic origin plastids are organelles with both nuclear-encoded and plastid-encoded proteins. Therefore, a highly integrated modulation of gene expression between the nucleus and the plastome is needed in plant cell development. Plastids have retained for the most part a prokaryotic gene expression machinery but, differently from prokaryotes and eukaryotes, they have largely abandoned transcriptional control and switched to predominantly translational control of their gene expression. Some transcriptional regulation is known to occur, but the coordinate expression between the nucleus and the plastome takes place mainly through translational regulation. However, the regulatory mechanisms of plastid gene expression (PGE) are mediated by intricate plastid-nuclear interactions and are still far from being fully understood. Although, for example, translational autoregulation mechanisms in algae have been described for subunits of heteromeric protein complexes and termed control by epistasy of synthesis (CES), only few autoregulatory proteins have been identified in plant plastids. It should be noted of course that PGE in C. reinhardtii is different from that in plants in many aspects. Another example of investigation in this research area is to understand the interactions that occur during RNA binding between nucleus-encoded RNA-binding proteins and the respective RNA sequences, and how this influences the translation initiation process. In addition to this, the plastid retains a whole series of mechanisms for the preservation of its protein balance (proteostasis), including specific proteases, as well as molecular chaperones and enzymes useful in protein folding. After synthesis, plastid proteins must rapidly fold into stable three dimensional structures and often undergo co- and posttranslational modifications to perform their biological mission, avoiding aberrant folding, aggregation and targeting with the help of molecular chaperones and proteases. We believe that this topic is highly interesting for many research areas because the regulation of PGE is not only of wide interest for plant biologists but has also biotechnological implications. Indeed, plastid transformation turns out to be a very promising tool for the production of recombinant proteins in plants, yet some limitations must still be overcome and we believe that this is mainly due to our limited knowledge of the mechanisms in plastids influencing the maintenance of proteostasis. 2021-02-11T23:06:42Z 2021-02-11T23:06:42Z 2018-02-27 16:16:45 2017 book 25643 16648714 9782889453436 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/56391 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International https://www.frontiersin.org/books/Plastid_Proteostasis_Relevance_of_Transcription_Translation_and_Post-Translational_Modifications/1424 https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/4452/plastid-proteostasis-relevance-of-transcription-translation-and-post-translational-modifications Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88945-343-6 10.3389/978-2-88945-343-6 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889453436 110 open access
spellingShingle QK1-989
Q1-390
plastome
regulation
nuclear-plastid interactions
gene expression
protein balance
thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
Michele Bellucci
Fiammetta Alagna
Andrea Pompa
Dario Leister
Plastid Proteostasis: Relevance of Transcription; Translation and Post-Translational Modifications
title Plastid Proteostasis: Relevance of Transcription; Translation and Post-Translational Modifications
title_full Plastid Proteostasis: Relevance of Transcription; Translation and Post-Translational Modifications
title_fullStr Plastid Proteostasis: Relevance of Transcription; Translation and Post-Translational Modifications
title_full_unstemmed Plastid Proteostasis: Relevance of Transcription; Translation and Post-Translational Modifications
title_short Plastid Proteostasis: Relevance of Transcription; Translation and Post-Translational Modifications
title_sort plastid proteostasis relevance of transcription translation and post translational modifications
topic QK1-989
Q1-390
plastome
regulation
nuclear-plastid interactions
gene expression
protein balance
thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
topic_facet QK1-989
Q1-390
plastome
regulation
nuclear-plastid interactions
gene expression
protein balance
thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
url 25643
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