The Proteins of Plastid Nucleoids - Structure, Function and Regulation

Plastids are plant cell-specific organelles of endosymbiotic origin that contain their own genome, the so-called plastome. Its proper expression is essential for faithful chloroplast biogenesis during seedling development and for the establishment of photosynthetic and other biosynthetic functions i...

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Huvudupphov: Jeannette Pfalz, Thomas Pfannschmidt
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Språk:engelska
Utgiven: Frontiers Media SA 2021
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author Jeannette Pfalz
Thomas Pfannschmidt
author_browse Jeannette Pfalz
Thomas Pfannschmidt
author_facet Jeannette Pfalz
Thomas Pfannschmidt
author_sort Jeannette Pfalz
collection Directory of Open Access Books
description Plastids are plant cell-specific organelles of endosymbiotic origin that contain their own genome, the so-called plastome. Its proper expression is essential for faithful chloroplast biogenesis during seedling development and for the establishment of photosynthetic and other biosynthetic functions in the organelle. The structural organisation, replication and expression of this plastid genome, thus, has been studied for many years, but many essential steps are still not understood. Especially, the structural and functional involvement of various regulatory proteins in these processes is still a matter of research. Studies from the last two decades demonstrated that a plethora of proteins act as specific regulators during replication, transcription, post-transcription, translation and post-translation accommodating a proper inheritance and expression of the plastome. Their number exceeds by far the number of the genes encoded by the plastome suggesting that a strong evolutionary pressure is maintaining the plastome in its present stage. The plastome gene organisation in vascular plants was found to be highly conserved, while algae exhibit a certain flexibility in gene number and organisation. These regulatory proteins are, therefore, an important determinant for the high degree of conservation in plant plastomes. A deeper understanding of individual roles and functions of such proteins would improve largely our understanding of plastid biogenesis and function, a knowledge that will be essential in the development of more efficient and productive plants for agriculture. The latter represents a major socio-economic need of fast growing mankind that asks for increased supply of food, fibres and biofuels in the coming decades despite the threats exerted by global change and fast spreading urbanisation.
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spelling doab-20.500.12854ir-572492024-04-05T17:31:14Z The Proteins of Plastid Nucleoids - Structure, Function and Regulation Jeannette Pfalz Thomas Pfannschmidt QK1-989 Q1-390 replication transcription nucleoids endosymbiosis Plastids thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences Plastids are plant cell-specific organelles of endosymbiotic origin that contain their own genome, the so-called plastome. Its proper expression is essential for faithful chloroplast biogenesis during seedling development and for the establishment of photosynthetic and other biosynthetic functions in the organelle. The structural organisation, replication and expression of this plastid genome, thus, has been studied for many years, but many essential steps are still not understood. Especially, the structural and functional involvement of various regulatory proteins in these processes is still a matter of research. Studies from the last two decades demonstrated that a plethora of proteins act as specific regulators during replication, transcription, post-transcription, translation and post-translation accommodating a proper inheritance and expression of the plastome. Their number exceeds by far the number of the genes encoded by the plastome suggesting that a strong evolutionary pressure is maintaining the plastome in its present stage. The plastome gene organisation in vascular plants was found to be highly conserved, while algae exhibit a certain flexibility in gene number and organisation. These regulatory proteins are, therefore, an important determinant for the high degree of conservation in plant plastomes. A deeper understanding of individual roles and functions of such proteins would improve largely our understanding of plastid biogenesis and function, a knowledge that will be essential in the development of more efficient and productive plants for agriculture. The latter represents a major socio-economic need of fast growing mankind that asks for increased supply of food, fibres and biofuels in the coming decades despite the threats exerted by global change and fast spreading urbanisation. 2021-02-12T00:17:30Z 2021-02-12T00:17:30Z 2016-01-19 14:05:46 2016 book 18314 16648714 9782889199273 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/57249 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International http://www.frontiersin.org/books/The_Proteins_of_Plastid_Nucleoids__Structure_Function_and_Regulation/991 http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/1825/the-proteins-of-plastid-nucleoids---structure-function-and-regulation Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88919-927-3 10.3389/978-2-88919-927-3 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889199273 111 open access
spellingShingle QK1-989
Q1-390
replication
transcription
nucleoids
endosymbiosis
Plastids
thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
Jeannette Pfalz
Thomas Pfannschmidt
The Proteins of Plastid Nucleoids - Structure, Function and Regulation
title The Proteins of Plastid Nucleoids - Structure, Function and Regulation
title_full The Proteins of Plastid Nucleoids - Structure, Function and Regulation
title_fullStr The Proteins of Plastid Nucleoids - Structure, Function and Regulation
title_full_unstemmed The Proteins of Plastid Nucleoids - Structure, Function and Regulation
title_short The Proteins of Plastid Nucleoids - Structure, Function and Regulation
title_sort proteins of plastid nucleoids structure function and regulation
topic QK1-989
Q1-390
replication
transcription
nucleoids
endosymbiosis
Plastids
thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
topic_facet QK1-989
Q1-390
replication
transcription
nucleoids
endosymbiosis
Plastids
thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
url 18314
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