Reassessing Twenty Years of Vaccine Development Against Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) remains the prime bacterial infection worldwide with 10.4 million infections and a death toll of 1.7 million people in 2016 according to WHO statistics. Tuberculosis is caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, facultative intracellular bacteria able to thrive wi...
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| Materialtyp: | Online |
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Frontiers Media SA
2021
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| _version_ | 1869514777495076864 |
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| author | Stefan H. Kaufmann Ulrich E. Schaible |
| author_browse | Stefan H. Kaufmann Ulrich E. Schaible |
| author_facet | Stefan H. Kaufmann Ulrich E. Schaible |
| author_sort | Stefan H. Kaufmann |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | Tuberculosis (TB) remains the prime bacterial infection worldwide with 10.4 million infections and a death toll of 1.7 million people in 2016 according to WHO statistics. Tuberculosis is caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, facultative intracellular bacteria able to thrive within otherwise potent innate defense cells, the macrophages. In a world of increasing numbers of infections with drug resistant M. tuberculosis strains, the daunting race between developing new therapeutics and emerging resistant strains will hardly produce a winner. This cycle can only be broken by enhancing population wide immune control through a better vaccine as the only one currently in use, M. bovis Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG). The protective efficacy of BCG against pulmonary tuberculosis in all age groups is dissatisfying and geographically highly diverse with the tropical areas showing the lowest efficacy rates. Despite worldwide vaccination coverage, the impact of BCG on the steep decrease of tuberculosis incidence rates in the developed world seems therefore questionable and can rather be attributed to improved social, housing and nutritional conditions, better health care, surveillance and treatment systems. The last 15 years saw tremendous efforts to improve vaccination strategies against tuberculosis. Different paths of vaccine approaches were followed including genetically improved BCG strains, attenuated M. tuberculosis variants, recombinant viral vectors and subunit vaccine candidates combined with novel more potent adjuvants. With the first novel vaccine candidates being evaluated in clinical phases II and III and initial results chastening the expectations, a critical reassessment of all candidates is inevitable. Here, we assembled experts to review and assess the current status of novel anti-tuberculosis vaccine candidates, their efficacy and prospects for implementation as well as the pitfalls and possible measures for improvement. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-57704 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
| publisherStr | Frontiers Media SA |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-577042024-03-30T23:21:40Z Reassessing Twenty Years of Vaccine Development Against Tuberculosis Stefan H. Kaufmann Ulrich E. Schaible R5-920 RC581-607 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis T cell BCG macrophage Vaccine protection Innate Neutrophil Immunity thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing Tuberculosis (TB) remains the prime bacterial infection worldwide with 10.4 million infections and a death toll of 1.7 million people in 2016 according to WHO statistics. Tuberculosis is caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, facultative intracellular bacteria able to thrive within otherwise potent innate defense cells, the macrophages. In a world of increasing numbers of infections with drug resistant M. tuberculosis strains, the daunting race between developing new therapeutics and emerging resistant strains will hardly produce a winner. This cycle can only be broken by enhancing population wide immune control through a better vaccine as the only one currently in use, M. bovis Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG). The protective efficacy of BCG against pulmonary tuberculosis in all age groups is dissatisfying and geographically highly diverse with the tropical areas showing the lowest efficacy rates. Despite worldwide vaccination coverage, the impact of BCG on the steep decrease of tuberculosis incidence rates in the developed world seems therefore questionable and can rather be attributed to improved social, housing and nutritional conditions, better health care, surveillance and treatment systems. The last 15 years saw tremendous efforts to improve vaccination strategies against tuberculosis. Different paths of vaccine approaches were followed including genetically improved BCG strains, attenuated M. tuberculosis variants, recombinant viral vectors and subunit vaccine candidates combined with novel more potent adjuvants. With the first novel vaccine candidates being evaluated in clinical phases II and III and initial results chastening the expectations, a critical reassessment of all candidates is inevitable. Here, we assembled experts to review and assess the current status of novel anti-tuberculosis vaccine candidates, their efficacy and prospects for implementation as well as the pitfalls and possible measures for improvement. 2021-02-12T00:57:13Z 2021-02-12T00:57:13Z 2018-11-16 17:17:57 2018 book 29675 16648714 9782889454464 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/57704 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/5581/reassessing-twenty-years-of-vaccine-development-against-tuberculosis Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88945-446-4 10.3389/978-2-88945-446-4 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889454464 110 open access |
| spellingShingle | R5-920 RC581-607 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis T cell BCG macrophage Vaccine protection Innate Neutrophil Immunity thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing Stefan H. Kaufmann Ulrich E. Schaible Reassessing Twenty Years of Vaccine Development Against Tuberculosis |
| title | Reassessing Twenty Years of Vaccine Development Against Tuberculosis |
| title_full | Reassessing Twenty Years of Vaccine Development Against Tuberculosis |
| title_fullStr | Reassessing Twenty Years of Vaccine Development Against Tuberculosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reassessing Twenty Years of Vaccine Development Against Tuberculosis |
| title_short | Reassessing Twenty Years of Vaccine Development Against Tuberculosis |
| title_sort | reassessing twenty years of vaccine development against tuberculosis |
| topic | R5-920 RC581-607 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis T cell BCG macrophage Vaccine protection Innate Neutrophil Immunity thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing |
| topic_facet | R5-920 RC581-607 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis T cell BCG macrophage Vaccine protection Innate Neutrophil Immunity thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing |
| url | 29675 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT stefanhkaufmann reassessingtwentyyearsofvaccinedevelopmentagainsttuberculosis AT ulricheschaible reassessingtwentyyearsofvaccinedevelopmentagainsttuberculosis |