The role of viable but non-infectious developmental forms in chlamydial biology
The chlamydiae are Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacteria with a complex developmental cycle comprising a metabolically less-active, infectious stage, the elementary body (EB), and a metabolically more active stage, the reticulate body (RB). They are responsible for many acute and chronic di...
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| Formatua: | Online |
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Frontiers Media SA
2021
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| author | Alan Paul Hudson Andreas Pospischil Nicole Borel Robert V Schoborg Jan Rupp |
| author_browse | Alan Paul Hudson Andreas Pospischil Jan Rupp Nicole Borel Robert V Schoborg |
| author_facet | Alan Paul Hudson Andreas Pospischil Nicole Borel Robert V Schoborg Jan Rupp |
| author_sort | Alan Paul Hudson |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | The chlamydiae are Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacteria with a complex developmental cycle comprising a metabolically less-active, infectious stage, the elementary body (EB), and a metabolically more active stage, the reticulate body (RB). They are responsible for many acute and chronic diseases in humans and animals. In order to play a causative role in chronic diseases, chlamydiae would need to persist and to re-activate within infected cells/tissues for extended periods of time. Persistence in vitro is defined as viable but non-cultivable chlamydiae involving morphologically enlarged, aberrant, and nondividing RBs, termed aberrant bodies (AB). In vitro, alterations of the normal developmental cycle of chlamydiae can be induced by the addition of Interferon-? (IFN-?), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and penicillin G exposure as well as amino acid or iron deprivation, monocyte infection and co-infection with viruses. In vivo, key questions include whether or not ABs occur in infected patients and animals and whether such ABs can contribute to prolonged, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and scarring through continuing stimulation of the host immune system known from diseases such as trachoma, pelvic inflammatory disease, reactive arthritis and atherosclerosis. To date, the direct causal role in the pathogenesis of chlamydial infection and persistence in vivo has been questioned since there was no tractable animal model of chlamydial persistence so far. A very recent study was able to establish an experimental animal model of in vivo persistence, when C. muridarum vaginally-infected mice were gavaged with amoxicillin. Amoxicillin treatment induced C. muridarum to enter the persistent state in vivo. Recent in vivo data from patients indicate that viable but non-infectious developmental stages are present in the genital tract of chronically-infected women and that the gastrointestinal tract might be a reservoir for persistent chlamydial infections at other sites. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-58613 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
| publisherStr | Frontiers Media SA |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-586132023-12-20T18:40:32Z The role of viable but non-infectious developmental forms in chlamydial biology Alan Paul Hudson Andreas Pospischil Nicole Borel Robert V Schoborg Jan Rupp Q1-390 RC109-216 stress response chlamydia Chronic Disease bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general The chlamydiae are Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacteria with a complex developmental cycle comprising a metabolically less-active, infectious stage, the elementary body (EB), and a metabolically more active stage, the reticulate body (RB). They are responsible for many acute and chronic diseases in humans and animals. In order to play a causative role in chronic diseases, chlamydiae would need to persist and to re-activate within infected cells/tissues for extended periods of time. Persistence in vitro is defined as viable but non-cultivable chlamydiae involving morphologically enlarged, aberrant, and nondividing RBs, termed aberrant bodies (AB). In vitro, alterations of the normal developmental cycle of chlamydiae can be induced by the addition of Interferon-? (IFN-?), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and penicillin G exposure as well as amino acid or iron deprivation, monocyte infection and co-infection with viruses. In vivo, key questions include whether or not ABs occur in infected patients and animals and whether such ABs can contribute to prolonged, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and scarring through continuing stimulation of the host immune system known from diseases such as trachoma, pelvic inflammatory disease, reactive arthritis and atherosclerosis. To date, the direct causal role in the pathogenesis of chlamydial infection and persistence in vivo has been questioned since there was no tractable animal model of chlamydial persistence so far. A very recent study was able to establish an experimental animal model of in vivo persistence, when C. muridarum vaginally-infected mice were gavaged with amoxicillin. Amoxicillin treatment induced C. muridarum to enter the persistent state in vivo. Recent in vivo data from patients indicate that viable but non-infectious developmental stages are present in the genital tract of chronically-infected women and that the gastrointestinal tract might be a reservoir for persistent chlamydial infections at other sites. 2021-02-12T02:29:35Z 2021-02-12T02:29:35Z 2016-02-05 17:24:33 2014 book 18583 16648714 9782889193219 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/58613 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International http://www.frontiersin.org/books/The_role_of_viable_but_non-infectious_developmental_forms_in_chlamydial_biology/351#nogo http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/1874/the-role-of-viable-but-non-infectious-developmental-forms-in-chlamydial-biology Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88919-321-9 10.3389/978-2-88919-321-9 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889193219 119 open access |
| spellingShingle | Q1-390 RC109-216 stress response chlamydia Chronic Disease bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general Alan Paul Hudson Andreas Pospischil Nicole Borel Robert V Schoborg Jan Rupp The role of viable but non-infectious developmental forms in chlamydial biology |
| title | The role of viable but non-infectious developmental forms in chlamydial biology |
| title_full | The role of viable but non-infectious developmental forms in chlamydial biology |
| title_fullStr | The role of viable but non-infectious developmental forms in chlamydial biology |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of viable but non-infectious developmental forms in chlamydial biology |
| title_short | The role of viable but non-infectious developmental forms in chlamydial biology |
| title_sort | role of viable but non infectious developmental forms in chlamydial biology |
| topic | Q1-390 RC109-216 stress response chlamydia Chronic Disease bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general |
| topic_facet | Q1-390 RC109-216 stress response chlamydia Chronic Disease bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general |
| url | 18583 |
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