The Schistosomiasis Vaccine - It Is Time to Stand Up
Schistosomiasis is a severe parasitic disease, endemic in 74 developing countries with up to 600 million people, including many children, infected and 800 million at risk of contracting the disease following infection with Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium or S. japonicum. Disease burden is estima...
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| Materialtyp: | Online |
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Frontiers Media SA
2021
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| _version_ | 1869525359594045440 |
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| author | Ahmad Ali Othman Donald McManus Rashika El Ridi |
| author_browse | Ahmad Ali Othman Donald McManus Rashika El Ridi |
| author_facet | Ahmad Ali Othman Donald McManus Rashika El Ridi |
| author_sort | Ahmad Ali Othman |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | Schistosomiasis is a severe parasitic disease, endemic in 74 developing countries with up to 600 million people, including many children, infected and 800 million at risk of contracting the disease following infection with Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium or S. japonicum. Disease burden is estimated to exceed 70 million disability-adjusted life-years, and leads to remarkably high YLD (years lived with disability) rates. Even more importantly, people with schistosomiasis are highly susceptible to malaria, tuberculosis and hepatic and acquired immunodeficiency viruses. There is only one drug, praziquantel, currently available for treatment and it has high efficacy, low cost, and limited side effects. However, only 13% of the target population has received the drug, and those treated are at continuous risk of reinfection necessitating repeated drug administration and the emergence of drug resistant parasites is a constant threat. There currently is no vaccine. While the target of >40% protection has been achieved with some molecules such as excretory-secretory proteins including calpain, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and cysteine peptidases, very recent articles reiterate the findings published during the last 2 decades of the last century, contradicting the established data of the pioneers of schistosome biology. A consensus should be reached without delay, in order to propose collaborative independent experiments and proceed ahead to pre- and clinical trials with efficacious candidate vaccine molecules. The proposed plan aims to finally reach an objective and fruitful agreement , via inviting established and young researchers from the United States, Brazil, China, Australia, and Europe who are working with different vaccine antigens, adjuvants, and approaches for immunization against S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum. It is hoped that the forum will end with a very few candidate antigens and a consensus approach regarding target immune responses, thus leading to encouraging the World Health Organization and other international foundations to sponsor the development and implementation of the urgently required, yet still elusive, vaccine for preventing and eliminating the transmission of schistosomiasis. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-58943 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
| publisherStr | Frontiers Media SA |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-589432024-03-31T13:08:39Z The Schistosomiasis Vaccine - It Is Time to Stand Up Ahmad Ali Othman Donald McManus Rashika El Ridi R5-920 RC581-607 Schistosomiasis Schistosoma mansoni Schistosoma haematobium Type 2 cytokines Vaccine Immune responses Schistosoma japonicum Vaccine candidates thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing Schistosomiasis is a severe parasitic disease, endemic in 74 developing countries with up to 600 million people, including many children, infected and 800 million at risk of contracting the disease following infection with Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium or S. japonicum. Disease burden is estimated to exceed 70 million disability-adjusted life-years, and leads to remarkably high YLD (years lived with disability) rates. Even more importantly, people with schistosomiasis are highly susceptible to malaria, tuberculosis and hepatic and acquired immunodeficiency viruses. There is only one drug, praziquantel, currently available for treatment and it has high efficacy, low cost, and limited side effects. However, only 13% of the target population has received the drug, and those treated are at continuous risk of reinfection necessitating repeated drug administration and the emergence of drug resistant parasites is a constant threat. There currently is no vaccine. While the target of >40% protection has been achieved with some molecules such as excretory-secretory proteins including calpain, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and cysteine peptidases, very recent articles reiterate the findings published during the last 2 decades of the last century, contradicting the established data of the pioneers of schistosome biology. A consensus should be reached without delay, in order to propose collaborative independent experiments and proceed ahead to pre- and clinical trials with efficacious candidate vaccine molecules. The proposed plan aims to finally reach an objective and fruitful agreement , via inviting established and young researchers from the United States, Brazil, China, Australia, and Europe who are working with different vaccine antigens, adjuvants, and approaches for immunization against S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum. It is hoped that the forum will end with a very few candidate antigens and a consensus approach regarding target immune responses, thus leading to encouraging the World Health Organization and other international foundations to sponsor the development and implementation of the urgently required, yet still elusive, vaccine for preventing and eliminating the transmission of schistosomiasis. 2021-02-12T02:58:00Z 2021-02-12T02:58:00Z 2016-04-07 11:22:02 2015 book 18861 16648714 9782889197415 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/58943 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International http://www.frontiersin.org/books/The_Schistosomiasis_Vaccine_-_It_Is_Time_to_Stand_Up/762 http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/2940/the-schistosomiasis-vaccine--it-is-time-to-stand-up Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88919-741-5 10.3389/978-2-88919-741-5 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889197415 82 open access |
| spellingShingle | R5-920 RC581-607 Schistosomiasis Schistosoma mansoni Schistosoma haematobium Type 2 cytokines Vaccine Immune responses Schistosoma japonicum Vaccine candidates thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing Ahmad Ali Othman Donald McManus Rashika El Ridi The Schistosomiasis Vaccine - It Is Time to Stand Up |
| title | The Schistosomiasis Vaccine - It Is Time to Stand Up |
| title_full | The Schistosomiasis Vaccine - It Is Time to Stand Up |
| title_fullStr | The Schistosomiasis Vaccine - It Is Time to Stand Up |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Schistosomiasis Vaccine - It Is Time to Stand Up |
| title_short | The Schistosomiasis Vaccine - It Is Time to Stand Up |
| title_sort | schistosomiasis vaccine it is time to stand up |
| topic | R5-920 RC581-607 Schistosomiasis Schistosoma mansoni Schistosoma haematobium Type 2 cytokines Vaccine Immune responses Schistosoma japonicum Vaccine candidates thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing |
| topic_facet | R5-920 RC581-607 Schistosomiasis Schistosoma mansoni Schistosoma haematobium Type 2 cytokines Vaccine Immune responses Schistosoma japonicum Vaccine candidates thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing |
| url | 18861 |
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