Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System
Given that the extremely elaborated and dynamic functions performed by the nervous system require the close synchronization of brain cells, complex organisms have developed different mechanisms of intercellular communication. At this regard, paracrine signaling between neighboring cells is currently...
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2021
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| _version_ | 1869524203643863040 |
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| author | Juan Andres Orellana |
| author_browse | Juan Andres Orellana |
| author_facet | Juan Andres Orellana |
| author_sort | Juan Andres Orellana |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | Given that the extremely elaborated and dynamic functions performed by the nervous system require the close synchronization of brain cells, complex organisms have developed different mechanisms of intercellular communication. At this regard, paracrine signaling between neighboring cells is currently recognized as one of the most widely distributed mechanisms of synchronization in the brain parenchyma. In mammals, paracrine signaling is in part mediated by single membrane channels formed by connexins (connexons/hemichannels) or pannexins (pannexons), which are two different membrane protein families composed of about 20 and 3 members, respectively. Single membrane channels formed by these proteins serve as aqueous pores permeable to ions and small molecules, allowing the diffusional exchange between the intra- and extracellular milieu. Thus, connexin hemichannels and pannexons permit the release of significant quantities of autocrine/paracrine signaling molecules (e.g., ATP, glutamate, NAD+, adenosine and PGE2) into the extracellular milieu, as well as the uptake of small molecules. An increasing body of evidence has revealed that connexin hemichannels and pannexons play a crucial role in a plethora of brain processes including blood flow regulation, Ca2+ wave propagation, memory consolidation, glucose sensing and cell migration and adhesion. Considering the multiple cell signaling functions of these channels, their dysregulation is proposed not only as potential pathological biomarker, but it has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of diverse brain diseases (e.g., meningitis, Alzheimer’s disease and stroke). The aim of this Research Topic is to gather a collection of original research articles, method, protocols, short communications, opinions, perspectives, as well as review articles, providing the latest progress and insights in the field of connexin hemichannels and pannexons in the nervous system. Within this volume we plan to cover from basic research including channel structure, regulation, pharmacology and trafficking; to different biological functions in the physiology (behavior, plasticity, neurogenesis, blood flow control, neuron-glia crosstalk, cell migration and differentiation) as well as in the pathophysiology (neuroinflammation, mutation-related diseases, glial dysfunction and neurodegeneration) of the nervous system. We hope that this collection of articles will serve to understand how the signaling of connexin hemichannels and pannexons influences both normal and pathological brain function. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-59414 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
| publisherStr | Frontiers Media SA |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-594142024-04-05T17:30:46Z Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System Juan Andres Orellana RC321-571 Q1-390 Brain pannexon Neuron connexon hemichannel pannexin astrocyte glia connexin Microglia thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences Given that the extremely elaborated and dynamic functions performed by the nervous system require the close synchronization of brain cells, complex organisms have developed different mechanisms of intercellular communication. At this regard, paracrine signaling between neighboring cells is currently recognized as one of the most widely distributed mechanisms of synchronization in the brain parenchyma. In mammals, paracrine signaling is in part mediated by single membrane channels formed by connexins (connexons/hemichannels) or pannexins (pannexons), which are two different membrane protein families composed of about 20 and 3 members, respectively. Single membrane channels formed by these proteins serve as aqueous pores permeable to ions and small molecules, allowing the diffusional exchange between the intra- and extracellular milieu. Thus, connexin hemichannels and pannexons permit the release of significant quantities of autocrine/paracrine signaling molecules (e.g., ATP, glutamate, NAD+, adenosine and PGE2) into the extracellular milieu, as well as the uptake of small molecules. An increasing body of evidence has revealed that connexin hemichannels and pannexons play a crucial role in a plethora of brain processes including blood flow regulation, Ca2+ wave propagation, memory consolidation, glucose sensing and cell migration and adhesion. Considering the multiple cell signaling functions of these channels, their dysregulation is proposed not only as potential pathological biomarker, but it has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of diverse brain diseases (e.g., meningitis, Alzheimer’s disease and stroke). The aim of this Research Topic is to gather a collection of original research articles, method, protocols, short communications, opinions, perspectives, as well as review articles, providing the latest progress and insights in the field of connexin hemichannels and pannexons in the nervous system. Within this volume we plan to cover from basic research including channel structure, regulation, pharmacology and trafficking; to different biological functions in the physiology (behavior, plasticity, neurogenesis, blood flow control, neuron-glia crosstalk, cell migration and differentiation) as well as in the pathophysiology (neuroinflammation, mutation-related diseases, glial dysfunction and neurodegeneration) of the nervous system. We hope that this collection of articles will serve to understand how the signaling of connexin hemichannels and pannexons influences both normal and pathological brain function. 2021-02-12T03:38:25Z 2021-02-12T03:38:25Z 2016-01-19 14:05:46 2016 book 18277 16648714 9782889198900 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/59414 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International http://www.frontiersin.org/books/Single_Membrane_Channels_Formed_by_Connexins_or_Pannexins_Focus_on_the_Nervous_System/1009 http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/1960/single-membrane-channels-formed-by-connexins-or-pannexins-focus-on-the-nervous-system Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88919-890-0 10.3389/978-2-88919-890-0 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889198900 241 open access |
| spellingShingle | RC321-571 Q1-390 Brain pannexon Neuron connexon hemichannel pannexin astrocyte glia connexin Microglia thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences Juan Andres Orellana Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System |
| title | Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System |
| title_full | Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System |
| title_fullStr | Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System |
| title_short | Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System |
| title_sort | single membrane channels formed by connexins or pannexins focus on the nervous system |
| topic | RC321-571 Q1-390 Brain pannexon Neuron connexon hemichannel pannexin astrocyte glia connexin Microglia thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences |
| topic_facet | RC321-571 Q1-390 Brain pannexon Neuron connexon hemichannel pannexin astrocyte glia connexin Microglia thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences |
| url | 18277 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT juanandresorellana singlemembranechannelsformedbyconnexinsorpannexinsfocusonthenervoussystem |