Processing of Heavy Crude Oils
Unconventional heavy crude oils are replacing the conventional light crude oils slowly but steadily as a major energy source. Heavy crude oils are cheaper and present an opportunity to the refiners to process them with higher profit margins. However, the unfavourable characteristics of heavy crude o...
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| Формат: | Online |
|---|---|
| Язык: | английский |
| Опубликовано: |
IntechOpen
2021
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| Предметы: | |
| Online-ссылка: | ONIX_20210420_9781839684104_2537 |
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| _version_ | 1869526794620633088 |
|---|---|
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | Unconventional heavy crude oils are replacing the conventional light crude oils slowly but steadily as a major energy source. Heavy crude oils are cheaper and present an opportunity to the refiners to process them with higher profit margins. However, the unfavourable characteristics of heavy crude oils such as high viscosity, low API gravity, low H/C ratio, chemical complexity with high asphaltenes content, high acidity, high sulfur and increased level of metal and heteroatom impurities impede extraction, pumping, transportation and processing. Very poor mobility of the heavy oils, due to very high viscosities, significantly affects production and transportation. Techniques for viscosity reduction, drag reduction and in-situ upgrading of the crude oil to improve the flow characteristics in pipelines are presented in this book. The heavier and complex molecules of asphaltenes with low H/C ratios present many technological challenges during the refining of the crude oil, such as heavy coking on catalysts. Hydrogen addition and carbon removal are the two approaches used to improve the recovery of value-added products such as gasoline and diesel. In addition, the heavy crude oil needs pre-treatment to remove the high levels of impurities before the crude oil can be refined. This book introduces the major challenges and some of the methods to overcome them. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-67178 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | IntechOpen |
| publisherStr | IntechOpen |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-671782024-04-11T20:35:02Z Processing of Heavy Crude Oils Marappa Gounder, Ramasamy Petroleum technology thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering Unconventional heavy crude oils are replacing the conventional light crude oils slowly but steadily as a major energy source. Heavy crude oils are cheaper and present an opportunity to the refiners to process them with higher profit margins. However, the unfavourable characteristics of heavy crude oils such as high viscosity, low API gravity, low H/C ratio, chemical complexity with high asphaltenes content, high acidity, high sulfur and increased level of metal and heteroatom impurities impede extraction, pumping, transportation and processing. Very poor mobility of the heavy oils, due to very high viscosities, significantly affects production and transportation. Techniques for viscosity reduction, drag reduction and in-situ upgrading of the crude oil to improve the flow characteristics in pipelines are presented in this book. The heavier and complex molecules of asphaltenes with low H/C ratios present many technological challenges during the refining of the crude oil, such as heavy coking on catalysts. Hydrogen addition and carbon removal are the two approaches used to improve the recovery of value-added products such as gasoline and diesel. In addition, the heavy crude oil needs pre-treatment to remove the high levels of impurities before the crude oil can be refined. This book introduces the major challenges and some of the methods to overcome them. 2021-04-20T16:05:31Z 2021-04-20T16:05:31Z 2019 book ONIX_20210420_9781839684104_2537 9781839684104 9781839684098 9781839684111 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/67178 eng image/jpeg Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International https://www.intechopen.com/books https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/books/7323/authors_book/authors_book.pdf IntechOpen IntechOpen 10.5772/intechopen.74912 10.5772/intechopen.74912 78a36484-2c0c-47cb-ad67-2b9f5cd4a8f6 9781839684104 9781839684098 9781839684111 IntechOpen 272 open access |
| spellingShingle | Petroleum technology thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering Processing of Heavy Crude Oils |
| title | Processing of Heavy Crude Oils |
| title_full | Processing of Heavy Crude Oils |
| title_fullStr | Processing of Heavy Crude Oils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Processing of Heavy Crude Oils |
| title_short | Processing of Heavy Crude Oils |
| title_sort | processing of heavy crude oils |
| topic | Petroleum technology thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering |
| topic_facet | Petroleum technology thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering |
| url | ONIX_20210420_9781839684104_2537 |