Chapter Vector-Borne Infections in Bulgaria
Bulgaria is an endemic country for Lyme borreliosis and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). Sporadic cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis have been also reported. The reported incidence of Lyme borreliosis in Bulgaria is about 6/100,000 population. Two pe...
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InTechOpen
2021
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| অনলাইন ব্যবহার করুন: | ONIX_20210602_10.5772/intechopen.81916_445 |
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| _version_ | 1869519385331236864 |
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| author | Christova, Iva |
| author_browse | Christova, Iva |
| author_facet | Christova, Iva |
| author_sort | Christova, Iva |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | Bulgaria is an endemic country for Lyme borreliosis and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). Sporadic cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis have been also reported. The reported incidence of Lyme borreliosis in Bulgaria is about 6/100,000 population. Two peaks in the seasonal distribution of cases and more frequent presentation of neuroborreliosis than of Lyme arthritis appear to be characteristics of Lyme borreliosis in Bulgaria. Borrelia afzelii is highly prevalent in Bulgarian Ixodes ricinus ticks. With sporadic cases or small outbreaks, CCHF appeared every year since the 1950s. For the last 10 years, a total of 60 CCHF cases were officially recorded. There is a tendency for CCHF to spread in previously non-endemic areas. The strains causing CCHF in the country belong to lineage Europe 1. A mean of 3.7% CCHF seroprevalence among the Bulgarian population is established. Both Europe 1 and Europe 2 CCHF virus lineages are present in ticks in Bulgaria. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is very unusual. Only a few cases of TBE have been detected. Overall seroprevalence of 0.6% for TBE virus was found in humans. In 2015, a few WNV human cases were detected caused by lineage 2. Overall WNV seroprevalence in human population in the country is 1.5%. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-70166 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | InTechOpen |
| publisherStr | InTechOpen |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-701662025-08-13T14:11:27Z Chapter Vector-Borne Infections in Bulgaria Christova, Iva TBE, CCHF, WNV, Lyme borreliosis thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine Bulgaria is an endemic country for Lyme borreliosis and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). Sporadic cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis have been also reported. The reported incidence of Lyme borreliosis in Bulgaria is about 6/100,000 population. Two peaks in the seasonal distribution of cases and more frequent presentation of neuroborreliosis than of Lyme arthritis appear to be characteristics of Lyme borreliosis in Bulgaria. Borrelia afzelii is highly prevalent in Bulgarian Ixodes ricinus ticks. With sporadic cases or small outbreaks, CCHF appeared every year since the 1950s. For the last 10 years, a total of 60 CCHF cases were officially recorded. There is a tendency for CCHF to spread in previously non-endemic areas. The strains causing CCHF in the country belong to lineage Europe 1. A mean of 3.7% CCHF seroprevalence among the Bulgarian population is established. Both Europe 1 and Europe 2 CCHF virus lineages are present in ticks in Bulgaria. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is very unusual. Only a few cases of TBE have been detected. Overall seroprevalence of 0.6% for TBE virus was found in humans. In 2015, a few WNV human cases were detected caused by lineage 2. Overall WNV seroprevalence in human population in the country is 1.5%. 2021-06-02T10:12:20Z 2019 chapter ONIX_20210602_10.5772/intechopen.81916_445 https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/49331 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/70166 eng open access image/jpeg image/jpeg image/jpeg n/a n/a n/a https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/49331/1/64206.pdf https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/49331/1/64206.pdf https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/49331/1/64206.pdf InTechOpen 10.5772/intechopen.81916 10.5772/intechopen.81916 035ecc65-6737-43cf-a13a-6bdf67ce01f4 open access |
| spellingShingle | TBE, CCHF, WNV, Lyme borreliosis thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine Christova, Iva Chapter Vector-Borne Infections in Bulgaria |
| title | Chapter Vector-Borne Infections in Bulgaria |
| title_full | Chapter Vector-Borne Infections in Bulgaria |
| title_fullStr | Chapter Vector-Borne Infections in Bulgaria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chapter Vector-Borne Infections in Bulgaria |
| title_short | Chapter Vector-Borne Infections in Bulgaria |
| title_sort | chapter vector borne infections in bulgaria |
| topic | TBE, CCHF, WNV, Lyme borreliosis thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine |
| topic_facet | TBE, CCHF, WNV, Lyme borreliosis thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine |
| url | ONIX_20210602_10.5772/intechopen.81916_445 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT christovaiva chaptervectorborneinfectionsinbulgaria |