Chapter Schistosomiasis: Setting Routes for Drug Discovery
Air quality sampling campaigns in three European subway systems (Barcelona, Athens and Oporto) were conducted in order to characterise particulate matter (PM) to better understand the main factors controlling it. PM mass concentrations varied among the European subway platforms, and also within the...
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InTechOpen
2021
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| Online pristup: | ONIX_20210602_10.5772/65386_280 |
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| author | Tavares, Naiara Clemente Aguiar, Pedro Henrique Nascimento de Gava, Sandra Grossi Oliveira, Guilherme Mourão, Marina Moraes |
| author_browse | Aguiar, Pedro Henrique Nascimento de Gava, Sandra Grossi Mourão, Marina Moraes Oliveira, Guilherme Tavares, Naiara Clemente |
| author_facet | Tavares, Naiara Clemente Aguiar, Pedro Henrique Nascimento de Gava, Sandra Grossi Oliveira, Guilherme Mourão, Marina Moraes |
| author_sort | Tavares, Naiara Clemente |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | Air quality sampling campaigns in three European subway systems (Barcelona, Athens and Oporto) were conducted in order to characterise particulate matter (PM) to better understand the main factors controlling it. PM mass concentrations varied among the European subway platforms, and also within the same underground system, this being mainly associated to differences in the design of the stations and tunnels, system age, train frequency, ventilation and air‐conditioning systems, commuter's density, rails geometry and outdoor air quality. PM concentrations displayed clear diurnal patterns, depending largely on the operation and frequency of the trains and the ventilation system. Chemically, subway PM2.5 on the platforms consisted of iron, carbonaceous material, crustal matter, secondary inorganic compounds, insoluble sulphate, halite and trace elements. Fe was the most abundant element, accounting for 19–46% of the bulk PM2.5, which is generated mainly from mechanical wear at rail‐wheel‐brake interfaces. A source apportionment analysis allowed the identification of outdoor (sea salt, fuel‐oil combustion and secondary aerosol) and subway sources on platforms. The use of air‐conditioning inside the trains was an effective approach to reduce exposure concentrations, being more efficient removing coarser particles. PM concentrations inside the trains were greatly affected by the surrounding (i.e. platforms and tunnels) air quality conditions. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-70494 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | InTechOpen |
| publisherStr | InTechOpen |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-704942024-04-11T20:34:33Z Chapter Schistosomiasis: Setting Routes for Drug Discovery Tavares, Naiara Clemente Aguiar, Pedro Henrique Nascimento de Gava, Sandra Grossi Oliveira, Guilherme Mourão, Marina Moraes metro, platforms, trains, subway aerosol, indoor air quality, exposure, commuting thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades Air quality sampling campaigns in three European subway systems (Barcelona, Athens and Oporto) were conducted in order to characterise particulate matter (PM) to better understand the main factors controlling it. PM mass concentrations varied among the European subway platforms, and also within the same underground system, this being mainly associated to differences in the design of the stations and tunnels, system age, train frequency, ventilation and air‐conditioning systems, commuter's density, rails geometry and outdoor air quality. PM concentrations displayed clear diurnal patterns, depending largely on the operation and frequency of the trains and the ventilation system. Chemically, subway PM2.5 on the platforms consisted of iron, carbonaceous material, crustal matter, secondary inorganic compounds, insoluble sulphate, halite and trace elements. Fe was the most abundant element, accounting for 19–46% of the bulk PM2.5, which is generated mainly from mechanical wear at rail‐wheel‐brake interfaces. A source apportionment analysis allowed the identification of outdoor (sea salt, fuel‐oil combustion and secondary aerosol) and subway sources on platforms. The use of air‐conditioning inside the trains was an effective approach to reduce exposure concentrations, being more efficient removing coarser particles. PM concentrations inside the trains were greatly affected by the surrounding (i.e. platforms and tunnels) air quality conditions. 2021-02-10T12:58:18Z 2021-06-02T10:08:13Z 2016 chapter ONIX_20210602_10.5772/65386_280 https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/49166 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/70494 eng open access image/jpeg image/jpeg n/a n/a https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/49166/1/52444.pdf https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/49166/1/52444.pdf InTechOpen 10.5772/65386 10.5772/65386 035ecc65-6737-43cf-a13a-6bdf67ce01f4 open access |
| spellingShingle | metro, platforms, trains, subway aerosol, indoor air quality, exposure, commuting thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades Tavares, Naiara Clemente Aguiar, Pedro Henrique Nascimento de Gava, Sandra Grossi Oliveira, Guilherme Mourão, Marina Moraes Chapter Schistosomiasis: Setting Routes for Drug Discovery |
| title | Chapter Schistosomiasis: Setting Routes for Drug Discovery |
| title_full | Chapter Schistosomiasis: Setting Routes for Drug Discovery |
| title_fullStr | Chapter Schistosomiasis: Setting Routes for Drug Discovery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chapter Schistosomiasis: Setting Routes for Drug Discovery |
| title_short | Chapter Schistosomiasis: Setting Routes for Drug Discovery |
| title_sort | chapter schistosomiasis setting routes for drug discovery |
| topic | metro, platforms, trains, subway aerosol, indoor air quality, exposure, commuting thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades |
| topic_facet | metro, platforms, trains, subway aerosol, indoor air quality, exposure, commuting thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades |
| url | ONIX_20210602_10.5772/65386_280 |
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