Chapter Energy-Aware Software Engineering
Polystyrene (PS) is a petroleum‐based plastic made from styrene (vinyl benzene) monomer. Since it was first commercially produced in 1930, it has been used for a wide range of commercial, packaging and building purposes. In 2012, approximately 32.7 million tonnes of styrene were produced globally, a...
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| 主要な著者: | , |
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| フォーマット: | Online |
| 言語: | 英語 |
| 出版事項: |
InTechOpen
2021
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| 主題: | |
| オンライン･アクセス: | ONIX_20210602_10.5772/65985_325 |
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| _version_ | 1869520556824461312 |
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| author | Eder, Kerstin Gallagher, John P. |
| author_browse | Eder, Kerstin Gallagher, John P. |
| author_facet | Eder, Kerstin Gallagher, John P. |
| author_sort | Eder, Kerstin |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | Polystyrene (PS) is a petroleum‐based plastic made from styrene (vinyl benzene) monomer. Since it was first commercially produced in 1930, it has been used for a wide range of commercial, packaging and building purposes. In 2012, approximately 32.7 million tonnes of styrene were produced globally, and polystyrene is now a ubiquitous household item worldwide. In 1986, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced that the polystyrene manufacturing process was the fifth largest source of hazardous waste. Styrene has been linked to adverse health effects in humans, and in 2014, it was listed as a possible carcinogen. Yet, despite mounting evidence and public concern regarding the toxicity of styrene, the product of the polymerisation of styrene, PS, is not considered hazardous. This chapter draws on a series of movements called the ‘new materialisms’ to attend to the relational, unstable and contingent nature of PS, monomers and other additives in diverse environments, and thus, we highlight the complexities involved in the categorisation of PS as ‘hazardous’ and the futility of demarcating PS as ‘household waste'. While local examples are drawn from the New Zealand context, the key messages are transferrable to most policy contexts and diverse geographical locations. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-70625 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | InTechOpen |
| publisherStr | InTechOpen |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-706252024-04-11T20:34:26Z Chapter Energy-Aware Software Engineering Eder, Kerstin Gallagher, John P. polystyrene, styrene, hazardous waste, New Zealand, materiality, carcinogen, new materialism thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQD Environmental monitoring Polystyrene (PS) is a petroleum‐based plastic made from styrene (vinyl benzene) monomer. Since it was first commercially produced in 1930, it has been used for a wide range of commercial, packaging and building purposes. In 2012, approximately 32.7 million tonnes of styrene were produced globally, and polystyrene is now a ubiquitous household item worldwide. In 1986, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced that the polystyrene manufacturing process was the fifth largest source of hazardous waste. Styrene has been linked to adverse health effects in humans, and in 2014, it was listed as a possible carcinogen. Yet, despite mounting evidence and public concern regarding the toxicity of styrene, the product of the polymerisation of styrene, PS, is not considered hazardous. This chapter draws on a series of movements called the ‘new materialisms’ to attend to the relational, unstable and contingent nature of PS, monomers and other additives in diverse environments, and thus, we highlight the complexities involved in the categorisation of PS as ‘hazardous’ and the futility of demarcating PS as ‘household waste'. While local examples are drawn from the New Zealand context, the key messages are transferrable to most policy contexts and diverse geographical locations. 2021-02-10T12:58:18Z 2021-06-02T10:09:32Z 2017 chapter ONIX_20210602_10.5772/65985_325 https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/49211 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/70625 eng open access image/jpeg image/jpeg n/a n/a https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/49211/1/53164.pdf https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/49211/1/53164.pdf InTechOpen 10.5772/65985 10.5772/65985 035ecc65-6737-43cf-a13a-6bdf67ce01f4 open access |
| spellingShingle | polystyrene, styrene, hazardous waste, New Zealand, materiality, carcinogen, new materialism thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQD Environmental monitoring Eder, Kerstin Gallagher, John P. Chapter Energy-Aware Software Engineering |
| title | Chapter Energy-Aware Software Engineering |
| title_full | Chapter Energy-Aware Software Engineering |
| title_fullStr | Chapter Energy-Aware Software Engineering |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chapter Energy-Aware Software Engineering |
| title_short | Chapter Energy-Aware Software Engineering |
| title_sort | chapter energy aware software engineering |
| topic | polystyrene, styrene, hazardous waste, New Zealand, materiality, carcinogen, new materialism thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQD Environmental monitoring |
| topic_facet | polystyrene, styrene, hazardous waste, New Zealand, materiality, carcinogen, new materialism thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQD Environmental monitoring |
| url | ONIX_20210602_10.5772/65985_325 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ederkerstin chapterenergyawaresoftwareengineering AT gallagherjohnp chapterenergyawaresoftwareengineering |