Advances in DNA Vaccines
DNA is a rapidly developing vaccine platform for cancer and infectious and non-infectious diseases. Plasmids are used as immunogens to encode proteins to be further synthesized in vaccine recipients. DNA is mainly synthetic, ensuring enhanced expression in the cells of vaccine recipients (mostly mam...
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MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2022
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| Linkit: | ONIX_20220111_9783036503004_554 |
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| description | DNA is a rapidly developing vaccine platform for cancer and infectious and non-infectious diseases. Plasmids are used as immunogens to encode proteins to be further synthesized in vaccine recipients. DNA is mainly synthetic, ensuring enhanced expression in the cells of vaccine recipients (mostly mammalians). Their introduction into the host induces antibody and cellular responses. The latter are often more pronounced, and mimic the events occurring in infection, especially viral. There are a few distinct ways in which the vaccine antigen can be processed and presented, which determine the resulting immune response and which can be manipulated. Routinely, the antigen synthesized within the host cell is processed by proteasome, loaded onto, and presented in a complex with MHC I molecules. Processing can be re-routed to the lysosome, or immunogen can be secreted for further presentation in a complex with MHC II. Apart from expression, vaccination efficacy depends on DNA delivery. DNA immunogens are generally administered by intramuscular or intradermal injections, usually followed by electroporation, which enhances delivery 1000-fold. Other techniques are also used, such as noninvasive introduction by biojectors, skin applications with plasters and microneedles/chips, sonication, magnetofection, and even tattooing. An intense debate regarding the pros and cons of different routes of delivery is ongoing. A number of studies have compared the effect of delivery methods at the level of immunogen expression, and the magnitude and specificity of the resulting immune response. According to some, the delivery route determines immunogenic performance; according to others, it can modulate the level of response, but not its specificity or polarity. The progress of research aiming at the optimization of DNA vaccine design, delivery, and immunogenic performance has led to a marked increase in their efficacy in large species and humans. New DNA vaccines for use in the treatment of infectious diseases, cancer, allergies, and autoimmunity are forthcoming. This Special Issue covers various aspects of DNA vaccine development. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-76819 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateRange | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| publisherStr | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
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| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-768192024-03-31T13:10:30Z Advances in DNA Vaccines Isaguliants, Maria Ljungberg, Karl alphaviruses layered RNA/DNA vectors DNA vaccines RNA replicons recombinant particles tumor regression protection against tumor challenges and infectious agents ebola virus disease artificial T-cell antigens DNA vaccine constructs computer design gene expression immunogenicity DNA vaccine mRNA vaccine plasmid DNA in vitro transcribed mRNA immune responses formulations Cytolytic T Lymphocytes antibodies innate immunity adjuvants vaccine delivery plasmid cytolytic perforin bicistronic HCV HIV IL-36 adjuvant DNA Zika Epstein-Barr virus latent proteins LMP2 EBNA1 LMP1 HIV-1 enhancer element circovirus influenza immunization intranasal lipid flagellin BCG vaccine rBCG HTI T-cell AIDS clinical trial therapeutic vaccine hepatitis C virus (HCV) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) modified MSC DNA immunization nonstructural HCV proteins immune response HCV vaccine myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) n/a thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine::MBNS Epidemiology and Medical statistics DNA is a rapidly developing vaccine platform for cancer and infectious and non-infectious diseases. Plasmids are used as immunogens to encode proteins to be further synthesized in vaccine recipients. DNA is mainly synthetic, ensuring enhanced expression in the cells of vaccine recipients (mostly mammalians). Their introduction into the host induces antibody and cellular responses. The latter are often more pronounced, and mimic the events occurring in infection, especially viral. There are a few distinct ways in which the vaccine antigen can be processed and presented, which determine the resulting immune response and which can be manipulated. Routinely, the antigen synthesized within the host cell is processed by proteasome, loaded onto, and presented in a complex with MHC I molecules. Processing can be re-routed to the lysosome, or immunogen can be secreted for further presentation in a complex with MHC II. Apart from expression, vaccination efficacy depends on DNA delivery. DNA immunogens are generally administered by intramuscular or intradermal injections, usually followed by electroporation, which enhances delivery 1000-fold. Other techniques are also used, such as noninvasive introduction by biojectors, skin applications with plasters and microneedles/chips, sonication, magnetofection, and even tattooing. An intense debate regarding the pros and cons of different routes of delivery is ongoing. A number of studies have compared the effect of delivery methods at the level of immunogen expression, and the magnitude and specificity of the resulting immune response. According to some, the delivery route determines immunogenic performance; according to others, it can modulate the level of response, but not its specificity or polarity. The progress of research aiming at the optimization of DNA vaccine design, delivery, and immunogenic performance has led to a marked increase in their efficacy in large species and humans. New DNA vaccines for use in the treatment of infectious diseases, cancer, allergies, and autoimmunity are forthcoming. This Special Issue covers various aspects of DNA vaccine development. 2022-01-11T13:43:10Z 2022-01-11T13:43:10Z 2021 book ONIX_20220111_9783036503004_554 9783036503004 9783036503011 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/76819 eng image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/4268 https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/4268 MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 10.3390/books978-3-0365-0301-1 10.3390/books978-3-0365-0301-1 46cabcaa-dd94-4bfe-87b4-55023c1b36d0 9783036503004 9783036503011 210 Basel, Switzerland open access |
| spellingShingle | alphaviruses layered RNA/DNA vectors DNA vaccines RNA replicons recombinant particles tumor regression protection against tumor challenges and infectious agents ebola virus disease artificial T-cell antigens DNA vaccine constructs computer design gene expression immunogenicity DNA vaccine mRNA vaccine plasmid DNA in vitro transcribed mRNA immune responses formulations Cytolytic T Lymphocytes antibodies innate immunity adjuvants vaccine delivery plasmid cytolytic perforin bicistronic HCV HIV IL-36 adjuvant DNA Zika Epstein-Barr virus latent proteins LMP2 EBNA1 LMP1 HIV-1 enhancer element circovirus influenza immunization intranasal lipid flagellin BCG vaccine rBCG HTI T-cell AIDS clinical trial therapeutic vaccine hepatitis C virus (HCV) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) modified MSC DNA immunization nonstructural HCV proteins immune response HCV vaccine myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) n/a thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine::MBNS Epidemiology and Medical statistics Advances in DNA Vaccines |
| title | Advances in DNA Vaccines |
| title_full | Advances in DNA Vaccines |
| title_fullStr | Advances in DNA Vaccines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in DNA Vaccines |
| title_short | Advances in DNA Vaccines |
| title_sort | advances in dna vaccines |
| topic | alphaviruses layered RNA/DNA vectors DNA vaccines RNA replicons recombinant particles tumor regression protection against tumor challenges and infectious agents ebola virus disease artificial T-cell antigens DNA vaccine constructs computer design gene expression immunogenicity DNA vaccine mRNA vaccine plasmid DNA in vitro transcribed mRNA immune responses formulations Cytolytic T Lymphocytes antibodies innate immunity adjuvants vaccine delivery plasmid cytolytic perforin bicistronic HCV HIV IL-36 adjuvant DNA Zika Epstein-Barr virus latent proteins LMP2 EBNA1 LMP1 HIV-1 enhancer element circovirus influenza immunization intranasal lipid flagellin BCG vaccine rBCG HTI T-cell AIDS clinical trial therapeutic vaccine hepatitis C virus (HCV) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) modified MSC DNA immunization nonstructural HCV proteins immune response HCV vaccine myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) n/a thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine::MBNS Epidemiology and Medical statistics |
| topic_facet | alphaviruses layered RNA/DNA vectors DNA vaccines RNA replicons recombinant particles tumor regression protection against tumor challenges and infectious agents ebola virus disease artificial T-cell antigens DNA vaccine constructs computer design gene expression immunogenicity DNA vaccine mRNA vaccine plasmid DNA in vitro transcribed mRNA immune responses formulations Cytolytic T Lymphocytes antibodies innate immunity adjuvants vaccine delivery plasmid cytolytic perforin bicistronic HCV HIV IL-36 adjuvant DNA Zika Epstein-Barr virus latent proteins LMP2 EBNA1 LMP1 HIV-1 enhancer element circovirus influenza immunization intranasal lipid flagellin BCG vaccine rBCG HTI T-cell AIDS clinical trial therapeutic vaccine hepatitis C virus (HCV) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) modified MSC DNA immunization nonstructural HCV proteins immune response HCV vaccine myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) n/a thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine::MBNS Epidemiology and Medical statistics |
| url | ONIX_20220111_9783036503004_554 |