Advances in Pyrometallurgy
There are several major megatrends having an impact on pyrometallurgical metal processing. The steadily growing demand for all metals is strengthened by the emergence of electrical vehicles (EV), which brings a high need for battery metals, but additionally, a significant increase in copper consumpt...
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| বিন্যাস: | Online |
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| ভাষা: | ইংরেজি |
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MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2022
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| বিষয়গুলি: | |
| অনলাইন ব্যবহার করুন: | ONIX_20220111_9783036518497_605 |
| ট্যাগগুলো: |
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| _version_ | 1869526432483377152 |
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| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | There are several major megatrends having an impact on pyrometallurgical metal processing. The steadily growing demand for all metals is strengthened by the emergence of electrical vehicles (EV), which brings a high need for battery metals, but additionally, a significant increase in copper consumption. Even if only moderate forecasts for the number of the EVs become true, production of the base metals must increase by tens of percentages, or even more than double. At the same time, pyrometallurgical processes have to produce fewer side products, such as slag, and maintain the quality level of the primary product, although raw material mixtures are increasingly complex and new elements are entering the processes in secondary raw materials. Therefore, it is imperative to continue the development of pyrometallurgical processes more efficiently and productively, while still improving their selectivity regarding slagging the unwanted material and recovering the desired elements. This Special Issue is for current advances in the pyrometallurgical processing of metals, including all aspects, namely, the basic unit processes and operations in a smelter, metallurgical engineering, furnace integrity, cooling systems, modelling, slag and offgas handling, to name a few. A collection of 13 papers deal with ferrous and ferroalloy development, and the processing of different raw materials for metal production. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-76870 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateRange | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| publisherStr | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-768702024-04-09T23:15:33Z Advances in Pyrometallurgy Jokilaakso, Ari blast furnace slag TiO2 titanium carbonitride viscosity limonite magnetization reduction roasting rotary kiln deposit fayalite FeO liquid phase medium manganese steel spinel inclusions Ce treatment modification mechanism copper concentrate pyrometallurgy flash smelting combustion classification spectroscopy PCA SIMCA PLS-DA k-NN support vector machines scandium master alloys aluminum alloys metallothermy vacuum induction melting factsage nickel laterite non-melting reducing sodium chloride magnetic separation garnierite vacuum carbothermal reduction mechanism CaF2 recovery devolatilization torrefied biomass bio-coal volatile matter reduction blast furnace multistage and deep reduction low-oxygen high titanium ferroalloy inclusions melt separation slag-metal separation hearth drainage iron and slag flow interface phenomena CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5 slag system distribution ratio of phosphorus dephosphorization n·2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5 solid solution B2O3 vanadium–titanium sintering metallurgical properties microstructures Søderberg electrodes submerged arc furnace (SAF) ferro-alloy production ferrochrome electrical resistivity degree of graphitisation bulk density porosity compressive breaking strength thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues There are several major megatrends having an impact on pyrometallurgical metal processing. The steadily growing demand for all metals is strengthened by the emergence of electrical vehicles (EV), which brings a high need for battery metals, but additionally, a significant increase in copper consumption. Even if only moderate forecasts for the number of the EVs become true, production of the base metals must increase by tens of percentages, or even more than double. At the same time, pyrometallurgical processes have to produce fewer side products, such as slag, and maintain the quality level of the primary product, although raw material mixtures are increasingly complex and new elements are entering the processes in secondary raw materials. Therefore, it is imperative to continue the development of pyrometallurgical processes more efficiently and productively, while still improving their selectivity regarding slagging the unwanted material and recovering the desired elements. This Special Issue is for current advances in the pyrometallurgical processing of metals, including all aspects, namely, the basic unit processes and operations in a smelter, metallurgical engineering, furnace integrity, cooling systems, modelling, slag and offgas handling, to name a few. A collection of 13 papers deal with ferrous and ferroalloy development, and the processing of different raw materials for metal production. 2022-01-11T13:44:40Z 2022-01-11T13:44:40Z 2021 book ONIX_20220111_9783036518497_605 9783036518497 9783036518503 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/76870 eng image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/4340 https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/4340 MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 10.3390/books978-3-0365-1850-3 10.3390/books978-3-0365-1850-3 46cabcaa-dd94-4bfe-87b4-55023c1b36d0 9783036518497 9783036518503 196 Basel, Switzerland open access |
| spellingShingle | blast furnace slag TiO2 titanium carbonitride viscosity limonite magnetization reduction roasting rotary kiln deposit fayalite FeO liquid phase medium manganese steel spinel inclusions Ce treatment modification mechanism copper concentrate pyrometallurgy flash smelting combustion classification spectroscopy PCA SIMCA PLS-DA k-NN support vector machines scandium master alloys aluminum alloys metallothermy vacuum induction melting factsage nickel laterite non-melting reducing sodium chloride magnetic separation garnierite vacuum carbothermal reduction mechanism CaF2 recovery devolatilization torrefied biomass bio-coal volatile matter reduction blast furnace multistage and deep reduction low-oxygen high titanium ferroalloy inclusions melt separation slag-metal separation hearth drainage iron and slag flow interface phenomena CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5 slag system distribution ratio of phosphorus dephosphorization n·2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5 solid solution B2O3 vanadium–titanium sintering metallurgical properties microstructures Søderberg electrodes submerged arc furnace (SAF) ferro-alloy production ferrochrome electrical resistivity degree of graphitisation bulk density porosity compressive breaking strength thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues Advances in Pyrometallurgy |
| title | Advances in Pyrometallurgy |
| title_full | Advances in Pyrometallurgy |
| title_fullStr | Advances in Pyrometallurgy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in Pyrometallurgy |
| title_short | Advances in Pyrometallurgy |
| title_sort | advances in pyrometallurgy |
| topic | blast furnace slag TiO2 titanium carbonitride viscosity limonite magnetization reduction roasting rotary kiln deposit fayalite FeO liquid phase medium manganese steel spinel inclusions Ce treatment modification mechanism copper concentrate pyrometallurgy flash smelting combustion classification spectroscopy PCA SIMCA PLS-DA k-NN support vector machines scandium master alloys aluminum alloys metallothermy vacuum induction melting factsage nickel laterite non-melting reducing sodium chloride magnetic separation garnierite vacuum carbothermal reduction mechanism CaF2 recovery devolatilization torrefied biomass bio-coal volatile matter reduction blast furnace multistage and deep reduction low-oxygen high titanium ferroalloy inclusions melt separation slag-metal separation hearth drainage iron and slag flow interface phenomena CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5 slag system distribution ratio of phosphorus dephosphorization n·2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5 solid solution B2O3 vanadium–titanium sintering metallurgical properties microstructures Søderberg electrodes submerged arc furnace (SAF) ferro-alloy production ferrochrome electrical resistivity degree of graphitisation bulk density porosity compressive breaking strength thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues |
| topic_facet | blast furnace slag TiO2 titanium carbonitride viscosity limonite magnetization reduction roasting rotary kiln deposit fayalite FeO liquid phase medium manganese steel spinel inclusions Ce treatment modification mechanism copper concentrate pyrometallurgy flash smelting combustion classification spectroscopy PCA SIMCA PLS-DA k-NN support vector machines scandium master alloys aluminum alloys metallothermy vacuum induction melting factsage nickel laterite non-melting reducing sodium chloride magnetic separation garnierite vacuum carbothermal reduction mechanism CaF2 recovery devolatilization torrefied biomass bio-coal volatile matter reduction blast furnace multistage and deep reduction low-oxygen high titanium ferroalloy inclusions melt separation slag-metal separation hearth drainage iron and slag flow interface phenomena CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5 slag system distribution ratio of phosphorus dephosphorization n·2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5 solid solution B2O3 vanadium–titanium sintering metallurgical properties microstructures Søderberg electrodes submerged arc furnace (SAF) ferro-alloy production ferrochrome electrical resistivity degree of graphitisation bulk density porosity compressive breaking strength thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues |
| url | ONIX_20220111_9783036518497_605 |