Staphylococcal Infections (Host and Pathogenic Factors)

Although 30% of the healthy human population is colonized with various Staphylococcus species, some staphylococcal strains, referred to as opportunistic pathogens, can cause minor to life-threatening diseases. The pathogenicity of these bacteria depends on their virulence factors and the robustness...

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description Although 30% of the healthy human population is colonized with various Staphylococcus species, some staphylococcal strains, referred to as opportunistic pathogens, can cause minor to life-threatening diseases. The pathogenicity of these bacteria depends on their virulence factors and the robustness of the regulatory networks expressing these virulence factors. Virulence factors of pathogenic Staphylococcus spp. consist of numerous toxins, enterotoxins (some of which act as superantigens), enzymes, and proteins (cytoplasmic, extracellular, and surface) that are regulated by two-component (TC) and quorum-sensing (QS) regulatory networks. To enter this niche, some other Staphylococcus species, such as Staphylococcus simulans, produce a potent endopeptidase called lysostaphin, which can inhibit the growth of pathogenic S. aureus. Some other Staphylococcus species produce autolysins and cationic peptides to win the intra- and inter-species competition. The outcome of this microbial invasion depends not only on pathogenic factors but also on the host’s internal and external defense mechanisms, including a healthy skin microbiome. A healthy skin microbiome population can prevent colonization by other major pathogens. As normal host microflora, these commensals establish a complex relationship with the host as well as the surrounding microbial communities. This Special Issue of Microorganisms is focused on studies and recent advancements in our understanding of staphylococcal virulence mechanisms that enable Staphylococcus spp. either to successfully establish themselves as a colonizer or to overcome the host’s defense system to cause infection along with our effort to make an anti-staphylococcal vaccine.
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spelling doab-20.500.12854ir-769622024-03-28T03:33:11Z Staphylococcal Infections (Host and Pathogenic Factors) Adhikari, Rajan P. biofilm MRSA silver ion silver sulfadiazine wound infections Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistance human infection CC130 biomaterials medical devices HL-60 cells PMNs endotracheal tube titanium implantable devices nosocomial diseases Staphylococcus lugdunensis sortase A surface proteins LPXTG small colony variants influenza virus super-infection pro-inflammatory response rural Ghana molecular epidemiology chronic wounds invasive disease surgery-associated infection sepsis SA4Ag vaccine conjugated polysaccharide ClfA MntC protection animal models phase variation Staphylococcus epidermidis microbiota multidrug resistance genome sequencing phylogenetic analyses arthroplasty surgery methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) CA-MRSA strain USA300 murine skin infection model dermatopathology dermonecrosis neutrophil host antibacterial response cytokine chemokine physiology metabolism carbon catabolite repression CcpA HPr colonization mouse JSNZ aurintricarboxylic acid ATA adhesion inhibitor mupirocin nose superantigen mastitis food intoxication regulation sec variants CM lipids daptomycin resistance resensitization n/a thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences Although 30% of the healthy human population is colonized with various Staphylococcus species, some staphylococcal strains, referred to as opportunistic pathogens, can cause minor to life-threatening diseases. The pathogenicity of these bacteria depends on their virulence factors and the robustness of the regulatory networks expressing these virulence factors. Virulence factors of pathogenic Staphylococcus spp. consist of numerous toxins, enterotoxins (some of which act as superantigens), enzymes, and proteins (cytoplasmic, extracellular, and surface) that are regulated by two-component (TC) and quorum-sensing (QS) regulatory networks. To enter this niche, some other Staphylococcus species, such as Staphylococcus simulans, produce a potent endopeptidase called lysostaphin, which can inhibit the growth of pathogenic S. aureus. Some other Staphylococcus species produce autolysins and cationic peptides to win the intra- and inter-species competition. The outcome of this microbial invasion depends not only on pathogenic factors but also on the host’s internal and external defense mechanisms, including a healthy skin microbiome. A healthy skin microbiome population can prevent colonization by other major pathogens. As normal host microflora, these commensals establish a complex relationship with the host as well as the surrounding microbial communities. This Special Issue of Microorganisms is focused on studies and recent advancements in our understanding of staphylococcal virulence mechanisms that enable Staphylococcus spp. either to successfully establish themselves as a colonizer or to overcome the host’s defense system to cause infection along with our effort to make an anti-staphylococcal vaccine. 2022-01-11T13:47:45Z 2022-01-11T13:47:45Z 2021 book ONIX_20220111_9783036514185_794 9783036514185 9783036514178 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/76962 eng image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/4554 https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/4554 MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 10.3390/books978-3-0365-1417-8 10.3390/books978-3-0365-1417-8 46cabcaa-dd94-4bfe-87b4-55023c1b36d0 9783036514185 9783036514178 226 Basel, Switzerland open access
spellingShingle biofilm
MRSA
silver ion
silver sulfadiazine
wound infections
Staphylococcus aureus
methicillin resistance
human infection
CC130
biomaterials
medical devices
HL-60 cells
PMNs
endotracheal tube
titanium
implantable devices
nosocomial diseases
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
sortase A
surface proteins
LPXTG
small colony variants
influenza virus
super-infection
pro-inflammatory response
rural Ghana
molecular epidemiology
chronic wounds
invasive disease
surgery-associated infection
sepsis
SA4Ag vaccine
conjugated polysaccharide
ClfA
MntC
protection
animal models
phase variation
Staphylococcus epidermidis
microbiota
multidrug resistance
genome sequencing
phylogenetic analyses
arthroplasty surgery
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA)
CA-MRSA strain USA300
murine skin infection model
dermatopathology
dermonecrosis
neutrophil
host antibacterial response
cytokine
chemokine
physiology
metabolism
carbon catabolite repression
CcpA
HPr
colonization
mouse
JSNZ
aurintricarboxylic acid
ATA
adhesion inhibitor
mupirocin
nose
superantigen
mastitis
food intoxication
regulation
sec variants
CM lipids
daptomycin resistance
resensitization
n/a
thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
Staphylococcal Infections (Host and Pathogenic Factors)
title Staphylococcal Infections (Host and Pathogenic Factors)
title_full Staphylococcal Infections (Host and Pathogenic Factors)
title_fullStr Staphylococcal Infections (Host and Pathogenic Factors)
title_full_unstemmed Staphylococcal Infections (Host and Pathogenic Factors)
title_short Staphylococcal Infections (Host and Pathogenic Factors)
title_sort staphylococcal infections host and pathogenic factors
topic biofilm
MRSA
silver ion
silver sulfadiazine
wound infections
Staphylococcus aureus
methicillin resistance
human infection
CC130
biomaterials
medical devices
HL-60 cells
PMNs
endotracheal tube
titanium
implantable devices
nosocomial diseases
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
sortase A
surface proteins
LPXTG
small colony variants
influenza virus
super-infection
pro-inflammatory response
rural Ghana
molecular epidemiology
chronic wounds
invasive disease
surgery-associated infection
sepsis
SA4Ag vaccine
conjugated polysaccharide
ClfA
MntC
protection
animal models
phase variation
Staphylococcus epidermidis
microbiota
multidrug resistance
genome sequencing
phylogenetic analyses
arthroplasty surgery
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA)
CA-MRSA strain USA300
murine skin infection model
dermatopathology
dermonecrosis
neutrophil
host antibacterial response
cytokine
chemokine
physiology
metabolism
carbon catabolite repression
CcpA
HPr
colonization
mouse
JSNZ
aurintricarboxylic acid
ATA
adhesion inhibitor
mupirocin
nose
superantigen
mastitis
food intoxication
regulation
sec variants
CM lipids
daptomycin resistance
resensitization
n/a
thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
topic_facet biofilm
MRSA
silver ion
silver sulfadiazine
wound infections
Staphylococcus aureus
methicillin resistance
human infection
CC130
biomaterials
medical devices
HL-60 cells
PMNs
endotracheal tube
titanium
implantable devices
nosocomial diseases
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
sortase A
surface proteins
LPXTG
small colony variants
influenza virus
super-infection
pro-inflammatory response
rural Ghana
molecular epidemiology
chronic wounds
invasive disease
surgery-associated infection
sepsis
SA4Ag vaccine
conjugated polysaccharide
ClfA
MntC
protection
animal models
phase variation
Staphylococcus epidermidis
microbiota
multidrug resistance
genome sequencing
phylogenetic analyses
arthroplasty surgery
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA)
CA-MRSA strain USA300
murine skin infection model
dermatopathology
dermonecrosis
neutrophil
host antibacterial response
cytokine
chemokine
physiology
metabolism
carbon catabolite repression
CcpA
HPr
colonization
mouse
JSNZ
aurintricarboxylic acid
ATA
adhesion inhibitor
mupirocin
nose
superantigen
mastitis
food intoxication
regulation
sec variants
CM lipids
daptomycin resistance
resensitization
n/a
thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
url ONIX_20220111_9783036514185_794