Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Therapies and New Targeted Treatments
Conventional lung cancer treatments were once limited to surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. However, gefitinib, a targeted drug, was launched in 2004, and the situation changed. Cancer cases that were highly responsive to gefitinib were later discovered to have epithelial growth factor receptor (...
में बचाया:
| स्वरूप: | Online |
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| भाषा: | अंग्रेज़ी |
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MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2022
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| ऑनलाइन पहुंच: | ONIX_20220111_9783036501307_883 |
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कोई टैग नहीं, इस रिकॉर्ड को टैग करने वाले पहले व्यक्ति बनें!
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| _version_ | 1869516667607842816 |
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| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | Conventional lung cancer treatments were once limited to surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. However, gefitinib, a targeted drug, was launched in 2004, and the situation changed. Cancer cases that were highly responsive to gefitinib were later discovered to have epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. This discovery opened the door for biomarker-based treatment strategies. Subsequently, several EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) were developed, and they became a new mainstay of treatment for non-small cell lung cancer. In recent years, many mechanisms of resistance to EGFR-TKI have been elucidated; a mutation in the T790M gene at exon 20 is found in half of the resistant cases. Hence, osimertinib, which specifically inhibits EGFR despite this T790M gene mutation, was developed to achieve long-term progression-free survival. Other driver mutations that are similar to the EGFR mutation were discovered, including the EML4-ALK fusion gene (discovered in 2007), ROS1 gene, and BRAF gene mutations. The TKIs for each of these fusion genes were developed and are used as therapeutic agents. Another advancement in advanced non-small cell lung cancer is the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Four PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, including nivolumab, are currently available for treatment of lung cancer. These drugs prevent an escape from the cancer immunity cycle. This ensures that cancer cells will express cancer antigens, causing an anticancer immune response. Due to cancer immunotherapy, long-term survival is possible. The biomarker development for cancer immunotherapy and its side effects are actively being studied. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-77051 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateRange | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| publisherStr | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-770512024-03-30T23:21:56Z Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Therapies and New Targeted Treatments Uchino, Junji non-small cell lung cancer previously treated patients phase I/II trial chemotherapy docetaxel S-1 immunotherapy rechallenge retrospective analysis pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma prognostic factor glucose transporter 1 lung cancer multiple cancers metastasis sequencing mutation genomic diagnosis FDG-PET immune checkpoint inhibitor PD-1 prognosis RAD51B methylation PD-L1 expression predictive biomarker PD-1 blockade interstitial lung disease pulmonary fibrosis radiology and other imaging non-small-cell lung cancer epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors TP53 mutations responsiveness targeted therapy network meta-analysis stage IIIA-N2 surgery immune checkpoint inhibitors biomarker nonsmall cell lung cancer HIP1R PD-L1 RUNX1 methylation survival EGFR-TKI T790M osimertinib immune-related adverse events endocrine disorders tumor-bearing patients PD-1 inhibitors PD-L1 inhibitors meta-analysis nivolumab Expanded Access Program real-world data daily practice prognostic factors NSCLC KRAS DNA polymerase beta platinum-based first-line adjuvant chemotherapy β-catenin lung neoplasms nucleotide-diphosphate kinase recurrence unresectable salvage surgery oligometastasis thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing Conventional lung cancer treatments were once limited to surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. However, gefitinib, a targeted drug, was launched in 2004, and the situation changed. Cancer cases that were highly responsive to gefitinib were later discovered to have epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. This discovery opened the door for biomarker-based treatment strategies. Subsequently, several EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) were developed, and they became a new mainstay of treatment for non-small cell lung cancer. In recent years, many mechanisms of resistance to EGFR-TKI have been elucidated; a mutation in the T790M gene at exon 20 is found in half of the resistant cases. Hence, osimertinib, which specifically inhibits EGFR despite this T790M gene mutation, was developed to achieve long-term progression-free survival. Other driver mutations that are similar to the EGFR mutation were discovered, including the EML4-ALK fusion gene (discovered in 2007), ROS1 gene, and BRAF gene mutations. The TKIs for each of these fusion genes were developed and are used as therapeutic agents. Another advancement in advanced non-small cell lung cancer is the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Four PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, including nivolumab, are currently available for treatment of lung cancer. These drugs prevent an escape from the cancer immunity cycle. This ensures that cancer cells will express cancer antigens, causing an anticancer immune response. Due to cancer immunotherapy, long-term survival is possible. The biomarker development for cancer immunotherapy and its side effects are actively being studied. 2022-01-11T13:50:34Z 2022-01-11T13:50:34Z 2021 book ONIX_20220111_9783036501307_883 9783036501307 9783036501314 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/77051 eng image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/4666 https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/4666 MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 10.3390/books978-3-0365-0131-4 10.3390/books978-3-0365-0131-4 46cabcaa-dd94-4bfe-87b4-55023c1b36d0 9783036501307 9783036501314 258 Basel, Switzerland open access |
| spellingShingle | non-small cell lung cancer previously treated patients phase I/II trial chemotherapy docetaxel S-1 immunotherapy rechallenge retrospective analysis pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma prognostic factor glucose transporter 1 lung cancer multiple cancers metastasis sequencing mutation genomic diagnosis FDG-PET immune checkpoint inhibitor PD-1 prognosis RAD51B methylation PD-L1 expression predictive biomarker PD-1 blockade interstitial lung disease pulmonary fibrosis radiology and other imaging non-small-cell lung cancer epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors TP53 mutations responsiveness targeted therapy network meta-analysis stage IIIA-N2 surgery immune checkpoint inhibitors biomarker nonsmall cell lung cancer HIP1R PD-L1 RUNX1 methylation survival EGFR-TKI T790M osimertinib immune-related adverse events endocrine disorders tumor-bearing patients PD-1 inhibitors PD-L1 inhibitors meta-analysis nivolumab Expanded Access Program real-world data daily practice prognostic factors NSCLC KRAS DNA polymerase beta platinum-based first-line adjuvant chemotherapy β-catenin lung neoplasms nucleotide-diphosphate kinase recurrence unresectable salvage surgery oligometastasis thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Therapies and New Targeted Treatments |
| title | Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Therapies and New Targeted Treatments |
| title_full | Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Therapies and New Targeted Treatments |
| title_fullStr | Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Therapies and New Targeted Treatments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Therapies and New Targeted Treatments |
| title_short | Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Therapies and New Targeted Treatments |
| title_sort | non small cell lung cancer current therapies and new targeted treatments |
| topic | non-small cell lung cancer previously treated patients phase I/II trial chemotherapy docetaxel S-1 immunotherapy rechallenge retrospective analysis pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma prognostic factor glucose transporter 1 lung cancer multiple cancers metastasis sequencing mutation genomic diagnosis FDG-PET immune checkpoint inhibitor PD-1 prognosis RAD51B methylation PD-L1 expression predictive biomarker PD-1 blockade interstitial lung disease pulmonary fibrosis radiology and other imaging non-small-cell lung cancer epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors TP53 mutations responsiveness targeted therapy network meta-analysis stage IIIA-N2 surgery immune checkpoint inhibitors biomarker nonsmall cell lung cancer HIP1R PD-L1 RUNX1 methylation survival EGFR-TKI T790M osimertinib immune-related adverse events endocrine disorders tumor-bearing patients PD-1 inhibitors PD-L1 inhibitors meta-analysis nivolumab Expanded Access Program real-world data daily practice prognostic factors NSCLC KRAS DNA polymerase beta platinum-based first-line adjuvant chemotherapy β-catenin lung neoplasms nucleotide-diphosphate kinase recurrence unresectable salvage surgery oligometastasis thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing |
| topic_facet | non-small cell lung cancer previously treated patients phase I/II trial chemotherapy docetaxel S-1 immunotherapy rechallenge retrospective analysis pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma prognostic factor glucose transporter 1 lung cancer multiple cancers metastasis sequencing mutation genomic diagnosis FDG-PET immune checkpoint inhibitor PD-1 prognosis RAD51B methylation PD-L1 expression predictive biomarker PD-1 blockade interstitial lung disease pulmonary fibrosis radiology and other imaging non-small-cell lung cancer epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors TP53 mutations responsiveness targeted therapy network meta-analysis stage IIIA-N2 surgery immune checkpoint inhibitors biomarker nonsmall cell lung cancer HIP1R PD-L1 RUNX1 methylation survival EGFR-TKI T790M osimertinib immune-related adverse events endocrine disorders tumor-bearing patients PD-1 inhibitors PD-L1 inhibitors meta-analysis nivolumab Expanded Access Program real-world data daily practice prognostic factors NSCLC KRAS DNA polymerase beta platinum-based first-line adjuvant chemotherapy β-catenin lung neoplasms nucleotide-diphosphate kinase recurrence unresectable salvage surgery oligometastasis thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing |
| url | ONIX_20220111_9783036501307_883 |