Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis

The enteric protozoans Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are the most common diarrhoea-causing protozoan parasites worldwide. Cryptosporidium spp. is a leading cause of diarrhoea morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years of age in poor-resource settings in sub-Saharan Africa...

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description The enteric protozoans Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are the most common diarrhoea-causing protozoan parasites worldwide. Cryptosporidium spp. is a leading cause of diarrhoea morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years of age in poor-resource settings in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Although infection by G. duodenalis is rarely a fatal condition, giardiasis is commonly associated with childhood growth faltering and cognitive impairment. Because of their significant socioeconomic impact, particularly in low-income countries, giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis joined the “Neglected Disease Initiative” launched by the World Health Organization in 2004. Both Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis are ubiquitous in the environment and can infect a wide range of hosts with different specificities, meaning that humans may acquire the infection via waterborne, foodborne, or zoonotic transmission. Recent advances in detection and molecular epidemiology have indicated that certain species/genotypes of Cryptosporidium and G. duodenalis have an expanded range of suitable hosts, suggesting that their transmission pathways are more intricate than previously thought, challenging our current notion of host specificities. Therefore, there is a clear need for more studies that aim to investigate the frequency and molecular diversity of these parasites in humans, production and companion animals, and wildlife species. This information would be extremely useful to elucidate the transmission dynamics of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis and to investigate the exact contribution of zoonotic events to human infections.
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publisherStr MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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spelling doab-20.500.12854ir-788342024-03-28T03:33:27Z Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis Carmena, David González-Barrio, David Köster, Pamela Carolina Cryptosporidium genotype Bactrian camels zoonotic potential public health Cryptosporidium parvum subtype bamboo rat human pathogen Cryptosporidium felis 60-kDa glycoprotein subtypes zoonotic transmission Giardia duodenalis coypus (Myocastor coypus) multi-locus genotype genetic variation zoonotic genotypes PCR (polymerase chain reaction) China Giardia Brazil Amazon asymptomatic community genotyping indigenous risk association Tapirapé transmission Blastocystis enteric parasites children diarrhoea PCR molecular epidemiology Mozambique acute diarrhea risk factor gp60 ssu rRNA prevalence GEMS parasite parasitology epidemiology genetic diversity host specificity Europe Scandinavia protist sporozoa zoonosis detection diagnosis sensitivity specificity coinfection enteric protists Entamoeba histolytica Blastocystis sp. molecular diversity Cryptosporidium cuniculus rabbits Egypt gp60 gene PCR-RFLP zoonoses Cryptosporidium xiaoi subtyping host adaptation Enterocytozoon bieneusi Cryptosporidium spp. pet dogs and cats Yunnan province n/a thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences The enteric protozoans Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are the most common diarrhoea-causing protozoan parasites worldwide. Cryptosporidium spp. is a leading cause of diarrhoea morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years of age in poor-resource settings in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Although infection by G. duodenalis is rarely a fatal condition, giardiasis is commonly associated with childhood growth faltering and cognitive impairment. Because of their significant socioeconomic impact, particularly in low-income countries, giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis joined the “Neglected Disease Initiative” launched by the World Health Organization in 2004. Both Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis are ubiquitous in the environment and can infect a wide range of hosts with different specificities, meaning that humans may acquire the infection via waterborne, foodborne, or zoonotic transmission. Recent advances in detection and molecular epidemiology have indicated that certain species/genotypes of Cryptosporidium and G. duodenalis have an expanded range of suitable hosts, suggesting that their transmission pathways are more intricate than previously thought, challenging our current notion of host specificities. Therefore, there is a clear need for more studies that aim to investigate the frequency and molecular diversity of these parasites in humans, production and companion animals, and wildlife species. This information would be extremely useful to elucidate the transmission dynamics of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis and to investigate the exact contribution of zoonotic events to human infections. 2022-02-24T10:38:07Z 2022-02-24T10:38:07Z 2022 book ONIX_20220224_9783036530796_131 9783036530796 9783036530789 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/78834 eng image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/4928 https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/4928 MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 10.3390/books978-3-0365-3079-6 10.3390/books978-3-0365-3079-6 46cabcaa-dd94-4bfe-87b4-55023c1b36d0 9783036530796 9783036530789 216 Basel open access
spellingShingle Cryptosporidium
genotype
Bactrian camels
zoonotic potential
public health
Cryptosporidium parvum
subtype
bamboo rat
human pathogen
Cryptosporidium felis
60-kDa glycoprotein
subtypes
zoonotic transmission
Giardia duodenalis
coypus (Myocastor coypus)
multi-locus genotype
genetic variation
zoonotic genotypes
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
China
Giardia
Brazil
Amazon
asymptomatic
community
genotyping
indigenous
risk association
Tapirapé
transmission
Blastocystis
enteric parasites
children
diarrhoea
PCR
molecular epidemiology
Mozambique
acute diarrhea
risk factor
gp60
ssu rRNA
prevalence
GEMS
parasite
parasitology
epidemiology
genetic diversity
host specificity
Europe
Scandinavia
protist
sporozoa
zoonosis
detection
diagnosis
sensitivity
specificity
coinfection
enteric protists
Entamoeba histolytica
Blastocystis sp.
molecular diversity
Cryptosporidium cuniculus
rabbits
Egypt
gp60 gene
PCR-RFLP
zoonoses
Cryptosporidium xiaoi
subtyping
host adaptation
Enterocytozoon bieneusi
Cryptosporidium spp.
pet dogs and cats
Yunnan province
n/a
thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis
title Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis
title_full Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis
title_fullStr Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis
title_full_unstemmed Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis
title_short Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis
title_sort diagnosis epidemiology and transmission dynamics of cryptosporidium spp and giardia duodenalis
topic Cryptosporidium
genotype
Bactrian camels
zoonotic potential
public health
Cryptosporidium parvum
subtype
bamboo rat
human pathogen
Cryptosporidium felis
60-kDa glycoprotein
subtypes
zoonotic transmission
Giardia duodenalis
coypus (Myocastor coypus)
multi-locus genotype
genetic variation
zoonotic genotypes
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
China
Giardia
Brazil
Amazon
asymptomatic
community
genotyping
indigenous
risk association
Tapirapé
transmission
Blastocystis
enteric parasites
children
diarrhoea
PCR
molecular epidemiology
Mozambique
acute diarrhea
risk factor
gp60
ssu rRNA
prevalence
GEMS
parasite
parasitology
epidemiology
genetic diversity
host specificity
Europe
Scandinavia
protist
sporozoa
zoonosis
detection
diagnosis
sensitivity
specificity
coinfection
enteric protists
Entamoeba histolytica
Blastocystis sp.
molecular diversity
Cryptosporidium cuniculus
rabbits
Egypt
gp60 gene
PCR-RFLP
zoonoses
Cryptosporidium xiaoi
subtyping
host adaptation
Enterocytozoon bieneusi
Cryptosporidium spp.
pet dogs and cats
Yunnan province
n/a
thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
topic_facet Cryptosporidium
genotype
Bactrian camels
zoonotic potential
public health
Cryptosporidium parvum
subtype
bamboo rat
human pathogen
Cryptosporidium felis
60-kDa glycoprotein
subtypes
zoonotic transmission
Giardia duodenalis
coypus (Myocastor coypus)
multi-locus genotype
genetic variation
zoonotic genotypes
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
China
Giardia
Brazil
Amazon
asymptomatic
community
genotyping
indigenous
risk association
Tapirapé
transmission
Blastocystis
enteric parasites
children
diarrhoea
PCR
molecular epidemiology
Mozambique
acute diarrhea
risk factor
gp60
ssu rRNA
prevalence
GEMS
parasite
parasitology
epidemiology
genetic diversity
host specificity
Europe
Scandinavia
protist
sporozoa
zoonosis
detection
diagnosis
sensitivity
specificity
coinfection
enteric protists
Entamoeba histolytica
Blastocystis sp.
molecular diversity
Cryptosporidium cuniculus
rabbits
Egypt
gp60 gene
PCR-RFLP
zoonoses
Cryptosporidium xiaoi
subtyping
host adaptation
Enterocytozoon bieneusi
Cryptosporidium spp.
pet dogs and cats
Yunnan province
n/a
thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
url ONIX_20220224_9783036530796_131