Research on Cosmic Rays and Their Impact on Human Activities
The galactic cosmic–ray spectrum extends over 14 orders of magnitudes in energy and about 12 orders of magnitude in intensity, and it can be studied using two different methods: via the “direct detection” of the primary cosmic rays in space or at high altitude and via the “indirect detection” of sec...
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| Format: | Online |
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2022
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| Online Access: | ONIX_20220506_9783036538570_82 |
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| description | The galactic cosmic–ray spectrum extends over 14 orders of magnitudes in energy and about 12 orders of magnitude in intensity, and it can be studied using two different methods: via the “direct detection” of the primary cosmic rays in space or at high altitude and via the “indirect detection” of secondary particles, namely the extensive air showers produced by a primary cosmic–ray particle impinging the atmosphere. In this Special Issue, both direct and indirect measurements are presented via from various experiments. Emphasis is placed on low-energy electrons and protons that are detected in flight as well as during geomagnetic storms. As for indirect detection, the muon flux determination and modulation at ground level are described in great detail. Some of the most interesting results are hereby presented, and a couple of new techniques in cosmic–ray detection are reported. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-81016 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateRange | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| publisherStr | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-810162024-03-28T03:32:16Z Research on Cosmic Rays and Their Impact on Human Activities Sparvoli, Roberta Martucci, Matteo cosmic rays Extensive Air Showers particle detectors Cosmic Ray Ensembles ionosphere ELF/VLF waves energetic electron precipitations storm-time feature CSES trapped particles South Atlantic Anomaly AE9/AP9/SPM models radiation belts Poisson data time series quasi-Gaussian filter digital filtering optimization global minimization annealing simulation algorithm space weather geomagnetic storms LEO satellites digital gamma-rays spectrometer cosmic veto active shield muons muon flux periodicity atmospheric neutrons radiation dose passengers and flight crew ultrathin calorimeter direct measurements energy reconstruction PAMELA shower development universality cosmic ray physics multi-messenger astrophysics extensive air showers n/a thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science The galactic cosmic–ray spectrum extends over 14 orders of magnitudes in energy and about 12 orders of magnitude in intensity, and it can be studied using two different methods: via the “direct detection” of the primary cosmic rays in space or at high altitude and via the “indirect detection” of secondary particles, namely the extensive air showers produced by a primary cosmic–ray particle impinging the atmosphere. In this Special Issue, both direct and indirect measurements are presented via from various experiments. Emphasis is placed on low-energy electrons and protons that are detected in flight as well as during geomagnetic storms. As for indirect detection, the muon flux determination and modulation at ground level are described in great detail. Some of the most interesting results are hereby presented, and a couple of new techniques in cosmic–ray detection are reported. 2022-05-06T11:21:56Z 2022-05-06T11:21:56Z 2022 book ONIX_20220506_9783036538570_82 9783036538570 9783036538587 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/81016 eng image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/5358 https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/5358 MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 10.3390/books978-3-0365-3858-7 10.3390/books978-3-0365-3858-7 46cabcaa-dd94-4bfe-87b4-55023c1b36d0 9783036538570 9783036538587 140 Basel open access |
| spellingShingle | cosmic rays Extensive Air Showers particle detectors Cosmic Ray Ensembles ionosphere ELF/VLF waves energetic electron precipitations storm-time feature CSES trapped particles South Atlantic Anomaly AE9/AP9/SPM models radiation belts Poisson data time series quasi-Gaussian filter digital filtering optimization global minimization annealing simulation algorithm space weather geomagnetic storms LEO satellites digital gamma-rays spectrometer cosmic veto active shield muons muon flux periodicity atmospheric neutrons radiation dose passengers and flight crew ultrathin calorimeter direct measurements energy reconstruction PAMELA shower development universality cosmic ray physics multi-messenger astrophysics extensive air showers n/a thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science Research on Cosmic Rays and Their Impact on Human Activities |
| title | Research on Cosmic Rays and Their Impact on Human Activities |
| title_full | Research on Cosmic Rays and Their Impact on Human Activities |
| title_fullStr | Research on Cosmic Rays and Their Impact on Human Activities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Research on Cosmic Rays and Their Impact on Human Activities |
| title_short | Research on Cosmic Rays and Their Impact on Human Activities |
| title_sort | research on cosmic rays and their impact on human activities |
| topic | cosmic rays Extensive Air Showers particle detectors Cosmic Ray Ensembles ionosphere ELF/VLF waves energetic electron precipitations storm-time feature CSES trapped particles South Atlantic Anomaly AE9/AP9/SPM models radiation belts Poisson data time series quasi-Gaussian filter digital filtering optimization global minimization annealing simulation algorithm space weather geomagnetic storms LEO satellites digital gamma-rays spectrometer cosmic veto active shield muons muon flux periodicity atmospheric neutrons radiation dose passengers and flight crew ultrathin calorimeter direct measurements energy reconstruction PAMELA shower development universality cosmic ray physics multi-messenger astrophysics extensive air showers n/a thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science |
| topic_facet | cosmic rays Extensive Air Showers particle detectors Cosmic Ray Ensembles ionosphere ELF/VLF waves energetic electron precipitations storm-time feature CSES trapped particles South Atlantic Anomaly AE9/AP9/SPM models radiation belts Poisson data time series quasi-Gaussian filter digital filtering optimization global minimization annealing simulation algorithm space weather geomagnetic storms LEO satellites digital gamma-rays spectrometer cosmic veto active shield muons muon flux periodicity atmospheric neutrons radiation dose passengers and flight crew ultrathin calorimeter direct measurements energy reconstruction PAMELA shower development universality cosmic ray physics multi-messenger astrophysics extensive air showers n/a thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science |
| url | ONIX_20220506_9783036538570_82 |