Chapter 15 Nitrates and Methemoglobinemia
Methemoglobinemia is characterized by a blue color to the skin, hypoxia that does not respond to administered oxygen, chocolate-colored blood, and shortness of breath. There are two main types of methemoglobinemia. The first type, congenital, is a genetic disease that can vary from very few minor sy...
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| التنسيق: | Online |
| اللغة: | الإنجليزية |
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Taylor & Francis
2023
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| الوصول للمادة أونلاين: | https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/61722 |
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| _version_ | 1869527440605315072 |
|---|---|
| author | Fossen Johnson, Sarah |
| author_browse | Fossen Johnson, Sarah |
| author_facet | Fossen Johnson, Sarah |
| author_sort | Fossen Johnson, Sarah |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | Methemoglobinemia is characterized by a blue color to the skin, hypoxia that does not respond to administered oxygen, chocolate-colored blood, and shortness of breath. There are two main types of methemoglobinemia. The first type, congenital, is a genetic disease that can vary from very few minor symptoms to a severe disorder with significant neurological problems. The second type is acquired methemoglobinemia. This type of methemoglobinemia is characterized by exposure to an oxidizing agent, pharmaceutical, or chemical that can create transitory methemoglobinemia. Although it is transient, it can still be severe depending on what percentage of hemoglobin is converted to methemoglobin. At levels above 70 percent it can be fatal. Nitrate is one example of a chemical that can cause methemoglobinemia. After ingestion, the nitrate is converted to nitrite in the back of the mouth. Nitrite can then enter the bloodstream where it interacts with hemoglobin. The human body has two enzyme systems to keep the concentration of methemoglobin low, but those systems can be overwhelmed, allowing for methemoglobinemia to develop. There are several sources of nitrite and nitrate: some pharmaceuticals, contaminated water, prepackaged food, preserved meats, and vegetables such as zucchini and spinach. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-98572 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis |
| publisherStr | Taylor & Francis |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-985722025-07-17T12:16:04Z Chapter 15 Nitrates and Methemoglobinemia Fossen Johnson, Sarah crop productivity; food safety; human health; Nitrates; Nitrites; nitrogen fertilizers; water quality thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control Methemoglobinemia is characterized by a blue color to the skin, hypoxia that does not respond to administered oxygen, chocolate-colored blood, and shortness of breath. There are two main types of methemoglobinemia. The first type, congenital, is a genetic disease that can vary from very few minor symptoms to a severe disorder with significant neurological problems. The second type is acquired methemoglobinemia. This type of methemoglobinemia is characterized by exposure to an oxidizing agent, pharmaceutical, or chemical that can create transitory methemoglobinemia. Although it is transient, it can still be severe depending on what percentage of hemoglobin is converted to methemoglobin. At levels above 70 percent it can be fatal. Nitrate is one example of a chemical that can cause methemoglobinemia. After ingestion, the nitrate is converted to nitrite in the back of the mouth. Nitrite can then enter the bloodstream where it interacts with hemoglobin. The human body has two enzyme systems to keep the concentration of methemoglobin low, but those systems can be overwhelmed, allowing for methemoglobinemia to develop. There are several sources of nitrite and nitrate: some pharmaceuticals, contaminated water, prepackaged food, preserved meats, and vegetables such as zucchini and spinach. 2023-03-20T09:21:34Z 2023-03-20T09:21:34Z 2023-03-16T12:54:00Z 2022 chapter https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/61722 9780367338220 9781032118055 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/98572 eng open access image/jpeg image/jpeg image/jpeg Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/61722/1/9780429326806_10.1201_9780429326806-20.pdf https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/61722/1/9780429326806_10.1201_9780429326806-20.pdf https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/61722/1/9780429326806_10.1201_9780429326806-20.pdf Taylor & Francis CRC Press 10.1201/9780429326806-20 10.1201/9780429326806-20 fa69b019-f4ee-4979-8d42-c6b6c476b5f0 Nitrate Handbook 9780367338220 9781032118055 CRC Press 11 open access |
| spellingShingle | crop productivity; food safety; human health; Nitrates; Nitrites; nitrogen fertilizers; water quality thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control Fossen Johnson, Sarah Chapter 15 Nitrates and Methemoglobinemia |
| title | Chapter 15 Nitrates and Methemoglobinemia |
| title_full | Chapter 15 Nitrates and Methemoglobinemia |
| title_fullStr | Chapter 15 Nitrates and Methemoglobinemia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chapter 15 Nitrates and Methemoglobinemia |
| title_short | Chapter 15 Nitrates and Methemoglobinemia |
| title_sort | chapter 15 nitrates and methemoglobinemia |
| topic | crop productivity; food safety; human health; Nitrates; Nitrites; nitrogen fertilizers; water quality thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control |
| topic_facet | crop productivity; food safety; human health; Nitrates; Nitrites; nitrogen fertilizers; water quality thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control |
| url | https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/61722 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fossenjohnsonsarah chapter15nitratesandmethemoglobinemia |