Bioactive Compounds from Microbes
Microorganisms have had a long and surprising history. They were “invisible” until invention of microscope in the 17th century. Until that date, although they were extensively (but inconsciously) employed in food preservation, beer and wine fermentation, cheese, vinegar, yogurt and bread making, as...
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2021
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| _version_ | 1869519582260101120 |
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| author | Katharina Riedel Enrica Pessione Roberto Mazzoli |
| author_browse | Enrica Pessione Katharina Riedel Roberto Mazzoli |
| author_facet | Katharina Riedel Enrica Pessione Roberto Mazzoli |
| author_sort | Katharina Riedel |
| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | Microorganisms have had a long and surprising history. They were “invisible” until invention of microscope in the 17th century. Until that date, although they were extensively (but inconsciously) employed in food preservation, beer and wine fermentation, cheese, vinegar, yogurt and bread making, as well as being the causative agents of infectious diseases, they were considered as “not-existing”. The work of Pasteur in the middle of the 19th century revealed several biological activities performed by microorganisms including fermentations and pathogenicity. Due to the urgent issue to treat infectious diseases (the main cause of death at those times) the “positive potential” of the microbial world has been neglected for about one century. Once the fight against the “evil” strains was fulfilled also thanks to the antibiotics, industry began to appreciate bacteria’s beneficial characteristics and exploit selected strains as starters for both food fermentations and aroma, enzyme and texturing agent production. However, it was only at the end of the 20th century that the probiotic potential of some bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria was fully recognized. Very recently, apart from the probiotic activity of in toto bacteria, attention has begun to be directed to the chemical mediators of the probiotic effect. Thanks also to the improvement of techniques such as transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, several bioactive compounds are continuously being discovered. Bioactive molecules produced by bacteria, yeasts and virus-infected cells proved to be important for improving or impairing human health. The most important result of last years’ research concerns the discovery that a very complex network of signals allows communication between organisms (from intra-species interactions to inter-kingdom signaling). Based on these findings a completely new approach has arisen: the system biology standpoind. Actually, the different organisms colonizing a certain environmental niche are not merely interacting with each other as individuals but should be considered as a whole complex ecosystem continuously exchanging information at the molecular level. In this context, this topic issue explores both antagonistic compounds (i.e. antibiotics) and “multiple function” cooperative molecules improving the physiological status of both stimulators and targets of this network. From the applicative viewpoint, these molecules could be hopefully exploited to develop new pharmaceuticals and/or nutraceuticals for improving human health. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-42130 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
| publisherStr | Frontiers Media SA |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-421302024-04-05T17:31:00Z Bioactive Compounds from Microbes Katharina Riedel Enrica Pessione Roberto Mazzoli QR1-502 Q1-390 Metagenomics Metabolomics antitumor activity immune-system modulation Gut Microbiota human-microbes cross talk antibiotics food-encrypted peptides gut-brain axis thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) Microorganisms have had a long and surprising history. They were “invisible” until invention of microscope in the 17th century. Until that date, although they were extensively (but inconsciously) employed in food preservation, beer and wine fermentation, cheese, vinegar, yogurt and bread making, as well as being the causative agents of infectious diseases, they were considered as “not-existing”. The work of Pasteur in the middle of the 19th century revealed several biological activities performed by microorganisms including fermentations and pathogenicity. Due to the urgent issue to treat infectious diseases (the main cause of death at those times) the “positive potential” of the microbial world has been neglected for about one century. Once the fight against the “evil” strains was fulfilled also thanks to the antibiotics, industry began to appreciate bacteria’s beneficial characteristics and exploit selected strains as starters for both food fermentations and aroma, enzyme and texturing agent production. However, it was only at the end of the 20th century that the probiotic potential of some bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria was fully recognized. Very recently, apart from the probiotic activity of in toto bacteria, attention has begun to be directed to the chemical mediators of the probiotic effect. Thanks also to the improvement of techniques such as transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, several bioactive compounds are continuously being discovered. Bioactive molecules produced by bacteria, yeasts and virus-infected cells proved to be important for improving or impairing human health. The most important result of last years’ research concerns the discovery that a very complex network of signals allows communication between organisms (from intra-species interactions to inter-kingdom signaling). Based on these findings a completely new approach has arisen: the system biology standpoind. Actually, the different organisms colonizing a certain environmental niche are not merely interacting with each other as individuals but should be considered as a whole complex ecosystem continuously exchanging information at the molecular level. In this context, this topic issue explores both antagonistic compounds (i.e. antibiotics) and “multiple function” cooperative molecules improving the physiological status of both stimulators and targets of this network. From the applicative viewpoint, these molecules could be hopefully exploited to develop new pharmaceuticals and/or nutraceuticals for improving human health. 2021-02-11T09:04:33Z 2021-02-11T09:04:33Z 2017-08-28 14:01:09 2017 book 23489 16648714 9782889451852 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/42130 eng Frontiers Research Topics image/jpeg Attribution 4.0 International http://www.frontiersin.org/books/Bioactive_Compounds_from_Microbes/1216#nogo http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/2285/bioactive-compounds-from-microbes Frontiers Media SA 10.3389/978-2-88945-185-2 10.3389/978-2-88945-185-2 bf5ce210-e72e-4860-ba9b-c305640ff3ae 9782889451852 142 open access |
| spellingShingle | QR1-502 Q1-390 Metagenomics Metabolomics antitumor activity immune-system modulation Gut Microbiota human-microbes cross talk antibiotics food-encrypted peptides gut-brain axis thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) Katharina Riedel Enrica Pessione Roberto Mazzoli Bioactive Compounds from Microbes |
| title | Bioactive Compounds from Microbes |
| title_full | Bioactive Compounds from Microbes |
| title_fullStr | Bioactive Compounds from Microbes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioactive Compounds from Microbes |
| title_short | Bioactive Compounds from Microbes |
| title_sort | bioactive compounds from microbes |
| topic | QR1-502 Q1-390 Metagenomics Metabolomics antitumor activity immune-system modulation Gut Microbiota human-microbes cross talk antibiotics food-encrypted peptides gut-brain axis thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) |
| topic_facet | QR1-502 Q1-390 Metagenomics Metabolomics antitumor activity immune-system modulation Gut Microbiota human-microbes cross talk antibiotics food-encrypted peptides gut-brain axis thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) |
| url | 23489 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT katharinariedel bioactivecompoundsfrommicrobes AT enricapessione bioactivecompoundsfrommicrobes AT robertomazzoli bioactivecompoundsfrommicrobes |