Agroforestry-Based Ecosystem Services

As a dynamic interface between agriculture and forestry, agroforestry has only recently been formally recognized as a relevant part of land use with ‘trees outside forest’ in important parts of the world—but not everywhere yet. The Sustainable Development Goals have called attention to the need for...

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Библиографические подробности
Формат:	Online
Язык:	английский
Опубликовано:	MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2022
Предметы:	carbon storage cacao agroforestry farmer tree preference utility value entrainment erosion forest conversion overland flow soil macroporosity throughfall water balance boundary work ecohydrology forest–water–people nexus landscape approach participatory methods scenario evaluation social-ecological systems tropical forests assisted natural regeneration (ANR) co-investment ecosystem services environmental stewardship equity forest and landscape restoration (FLR) rights-based approach tree planting water coffee fruit trees index of root anchoring slope stability soil shear strength root length density root tensile strength agroforestry carbon sequestration climate change mitigation grazing management land restoration nationally determined contribution silvopastoral tree cover cocoa agroforestry climate adaptation soil restoration soil organic carbon soil macro-porosity soil water availability inceptisols Fraxinus dimorpha soil chemical characteristics mycorrhizal attributes traditional ecological knowledge anastomosis agroforest silvopasture economics financial analysis carbon payment Peru innovation transfer trimming intention participatory and integrative research-extension stakeholders adaptation Kisumu Bungoma payment for ecosystem services village savings and loan associations fruit tree-based agroforestry economic benefits farmer perspectives resource competition systems improvement uptake and expansion cost-benefit analysis landscape restoration global stocktake agroforestry coffee shade tree species pairwise ranking Vietnam trees on farm options by context on-farm planned comparison tree seedling survival agriculture sector cost efficiency land suitability potential expansion areas representative concentration pathway cocoa Java livelihoods rural–urban remittances returning migrants Sumatra Sulawesi certification deforestation palm oil forest classification Jambi legality independent smallholders agroforestry concessions West Kalimantan land-use change belowground biodiversity soil engineers Pontoscolex corethrurus natural habitats planted forest artesian wells Oryza paddy cultivation restoration rodents sustainable intensification Mount Bromo-Tengger coinvestment instrumental values landscape relational values social–ecological systems stewardship sustainable development goals (SDGs) trees n/a thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
Online-ссылка:	ONIX_20220111_9783036517421_420
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Agroforestry-Based Ecosystem Services

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