Flavonoid Metabolism
The presence of flavonoids such as chalcones, flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins is ubiquitous throughout the plant kingdom. It was previously believed that the oldest plants that produced flavonoids were liverworts and mosses. However, recent discoveries have found genes encod...
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| Materialtyp: | Online |
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| Språk: | engelska |
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IntechOpen
2023
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| Länkar: | ONIX_20230905_9781803567051_179 |
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| _version_ | 1869516118890119168 |
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| collection | Directory of Open Access Books |
| description | The presence of flavonoids such as chalcones, flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins is ubiquitous throughout the plant kingdom. It was previously believed that the oldest plants that produced flavonoids were liverworts and mosses. However, recent discoveries have found genes encoding enzymes in the shikimate pathway responsible for flavonoid biosynthesis in a variety of plants including algae, liverworts, mosses, lycophytes, ferns and horsetails, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. These genes include the first two enzymes for flavonoid biosynthesis, chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase. Furthermore, recent research has found flavones, isoflavones, and flavonols in microalgae from five distinct evolutionary lineages(Cyanobacteria, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta, Haptophyta, and Ochrophyta) using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. This implies that plants may have developed the capacity to make flavonoids earlier than previously believed. Flavonoids in the earliest plants that produced them were believed to have acted as protection against UV radiation and control of plant hormone activity. As plants evolved, these roles diversified, and the study of flavonoids has revealed how plants developed the capacity to produce a wide array of specialized metabolites and then evolved the metabolic pathways required to manufacture them. This book delves into the structural diversity of flavonoids found throughout the plant kingdom, the evolution of flavonoid biosynthesis genes in plants, and the molecular interaction of flavonoids with growth hormones. The metabolic routes of flavonoids are thoroughly investigated using both biochemical and molecular biology methods, and the book elucidates the links between genes/proteins and metabolites, as well as between metabolites. The book also explores the interplay between flavonoid metabolism and external environmental factors that are subject to continuous change. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-113378 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | IntechOpen |
| publisherStr | IntechOpen |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-1133782024-04-05T17:30:42Z Flavonoid Metabolism Muhammad Khalid Abbas, Hafiz Ahmad, Aqeel flavonoids biosynthesis agriculture bioactive compounds secondary metabolites genetic engineering thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry The presence of flavonoids such as chalcones, flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins is ubiquitous throughout the plant kingdom. It was previously believed that the oldest plants that produced flavonoids were liverworts and mosses. However, recent discoveries have found genes encoding enzymes in the shikimate pathway responsible for flavonoid biosynthesis in a variety of plants including algae, liverworts, mosses, lycophytes, ferns and horsetails, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. These genes include the first two enzymes for flavonoid biosynthesis, chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase. Furthermore, recent research has found flavones, isoflavones, and flavonols in microalgae from five distinct evolutionary lineages(Cyanobacteria, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta, Haptophyta, and Ochrophyta) using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. This implies that plants may have developed the capacity to make flavonoids earlier than previously believed. Flavonoids in the earliest plants that produced them were believed to have acted as protection against UV radiation and control of plant hormone activity. As plants evolved, these roles diversified, and the study of flavonoids has revealed how plants developed the capacity to produce a wide array of specialized metabolites and then evolved the metabolic pathways required to manufacture them. This book delves into the structural diversity of flavonoids found throughout the plant kingdom, the evolution of flavonoid biosynthesis genes in plants, and the molecular interaction of flavonoids with growth hormones. The metabolic routes of flavonoids are thoroughly investigated using both biochemical and molecular biology methods, and the book elucidates the links between genes/proteins and metabolites, as well as between metabolites. The book also explores the interplay between flavonoid metabolism and external environmental factors that are subject to continuous change. 2023-09-05T16:02:04Z 2023-09-05T16:02:04Z 2023 book ONIX_20230905_9781803567051_179 9781803567051 9781803567044 9781803567068 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/113378 eng image/jpeg n/a https://www.intechopen.com/books/11614 https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/books/11614/authors_book/authors_book.pdf IntechOpen IntechOpen 10.5772/intechopen.100875 10.5772/intechopen.100875 78a36484-2c0c-47cb-ad67-2b9f5cd4a8f6 9781803567051 9781803567044 9781803567068 IntechOpen 174 open access |
| spellingShingle | flavonoids biosynthesis agriculture bioactive compounds secondary metabolites genetic engineering thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry Flavonoid Metabolism |
| title | Flavonoid Metabolism |
| title_full | Flavonoid Metabolism |
| title_fullStr | Flavonoid Metabolism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flavonoid Metabolism |
| title_short | Flavonoid Metabolism |
| title_sort | flavonoid metabolism |
| topic | flavonoids biosynthesis agriculture bioactive compounds secondary metabolites genetic engineering thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry |
| topic_facet | flavonoids biosynthesis agriculture bioactive compounds secondary metabolites genetic engineering thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry |
| url | ONIX_20230905_9781803567051_179 |