Tryptophan in Nutrition and Health
Tryptophan is a rate-limiting essential amino acid and a unique building block of peptides and proteins. This largest amino acid serves as the precursor for the important endogenous indoleamines serotonin, N-acetylserotonin, and melatonin that act as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neurohorm...
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| Formato: | Online |
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| Idioma: | inglês |
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MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2023
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| Acesso em linha: | ONIX_20230405_9783036570778_214 |
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| description | Tryptophan is a rate-limiting essential amino acid and a unique building block of peptides and proteins. This largest amino acid serves as the precursor for the important endogenous indoleamines serotonin, N-acetylserotonin, and melatonin that act as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neurohormones. Kynurenic acid is the most potent endogenous antiexitotoxic agent. Other highly relevant pathways of tryptophan are the reversible transamination to indole-3-pyruvate with formation related indolic acids that act as potent antioxidant agents. Tryptophan metabolites, such as melatonin, and structurally related agents, such as indole-3-propionic acid, act as potent catalytic antioxidants and bioenergetic agents that facilitate regeneration and protection against stress and aging. Several indole compounds act as uremic toxins since these agents can induce radical formation that is associated with enhanced oxidative stress and damage. The exploration of the effects of these protective and toxic tryptophan derived agents has revealed important molecular mechanisms and mediators of adaptation and aging. Research on tryptophan in nutrition and health can facilitate the development of new approaches to extend human health and life span. Amino acids are the building blocks of life that enable repair, as well as recycling and regeneration. Research on nutrients like amino acids, such as tryptophan and its metabolites, as well as peptides and proteins, or extracts containing this molecular metabolism modifiers can improve health. Research into the indololome is a new emerging and rapidly growing field of utmost relevance to science and society. |
| format | Online |
| id | doab-20.500.12854ir-98935 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Books |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| publisherStr | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | doab-20.500.12854ir-989352024-03-31T13:08:08Z Tryptophan in Nutrition and Health Poeggeler, Burkhard tryptophan kynurenine kynurenic acid FICZ AhR melanoma proliferation cell death aryl hydrocarbon receptor chronic kidney disease developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypertension indole melatonin serotonin uremic toxin virus immunity codon depression chronic mild stress oxidative stress tryptophan catabolites pathway methylation expression escitalopram 5-hydroxytryptophan natural sources microbial production biosynthetic pathways physiological effects animal human kynurenine pathway MEL biosynthesis Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast tryptophan extraction LC-MS/MS soybean skin atopic dermatitis psoriasis severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 malignant melanoma urine autofluorescence transplantation ischemia-reperfusion tolerance rejection indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase L-tryptophan amino acids MAC-T cell proteomics omics β-casein mTOR systemic inflammation dysbiosis gut microbiota obesity mice tyrosine cytokines behavior inflammation liver morphology color cell culture media LC-MS antioxidant cytotoxicity biomanufacturing 5-hydroxytryptamine secretion metabolism nitrofurantoin antibiotics human serum albumin molecular interactions FTIR fluorescence n/a thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology Tryptophan is a rate-limiting essential amino acid and a unique building block of peptides and proteins. This largest amino acid serves as the precursor for the important endogenous indoleamines serotonin, N-acetylserotonin, and melatonin that act as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neurohormones. Kynurenic acid is the most potent endogenous antiexitotoxic agent. Other highly relevant pathways of tryptophan are the reversible transamination to indole-3-pyruvate with formation related indolic acids that act as potent antioxidant agents. Tryptophan metabolites, such as melatonin, and structurally related agents, such as indole-3-propionic acid, act as potent catalytic antioxidants and bioenergetic agents that facilitate regeneration and protection against stress and aging. Several indole compounds act as uremic toxins since these agents can induce radical formation that is associated with enhanced oxidative stress and damage. The exploration of the effects of these protective and toxic tryptophan derived agents has revealed important molecular mechanisms and mediators of adaptation and aging. Research on tryptophan in nutrition and health can facilitate the development of new approaches to extend human health and life span. Amino acids are the building blocks of life that enable repair, as well as recycling and regeneration. Research on nutrients like amino acids, such as tryptophan and its metabolites, as well as peptides and proteins, or extracts containing this molecular metabolism modifiers can improve health. Research into the indololome is a new emerging and rapidly growing field of utmost relevance to science and society. 2023-04-05T12:59:49Z 2023-04-05T12:59:49Z 2023 book ONIX_20230405_9783036570778_214 9783036570778 9783036570761 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/98935 eng application/octet-stream Attribution 4.0 International https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/6988 https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/6988 MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 10.3390/books978-3-0365-7076-1 10.3390/books978-3-0365-7076-1 46cabcaa-dd94-4bfe-87b4-55023c1b36d0 9783036570778 9783036570761 324 Basel open access |
| spellingShingle | tryptophan kynurenine kynurenic acid FICZ AhR melanoma proliferation cell death aryl hydrocarbon receptor chronic kidney disease developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypertension indole melatonin serotonin uremic toxin virus immunity codon depression chronic mild stress oxidative stress tryptophan catabolites pathway methylation expression escitalopram 5-hydroxytryptophan natural sources microbial production biosynthetic pathways physiological effects animal human kynurenine pathway MEL biosynthesis Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast tryptophan extraction LC-MS/MS soybean skin atopic dermatitis psoriasis severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 malignant melanoma urine autofluorescence transplantation ischemia-reperfusion tolerance rejection indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase L-tryptophan amino acids MAC-T cell proteomics omics β-casein mTOR systemic inflammation dysbiosis gut microbiota obesity mice tyrosine cytokines behavior inflammation liver morphology color cell culture media LC-MS antioxidant cytotoxicity biomanufacturing 5-hydroxytryptamine secretion metabolism nitrofurantoin antibiotics human serum albumin molecular interactions FTIR fluorescence n/a thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology Tryptophan in Nutrition and Health |
| title | Tryptophan in Nutrition and Health |
| title_full | Tryptophan in Nutrition and Health |
| title_fullStr | Tryptophan in Nutrition and Health |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tryptophan in Nutrition and Health |
| title_short | Tryptophan in Nutrition and Health |
| title_sort | tryptophan in nutrition and health |
| topic | tryptophan kynurenine kynurenic acid FICZ AhR melanoma proliferation cell death aryl hydrocarbon receptor chronic kidney disease developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypertension indole melatonin serotonin uremic toxin virus immunity codon depression chronic mild stress oxidative stress tryptophan catabolites pathway methylation expression escitalopram 5-hydroxytryptophan natural sources microbial production biosynthetic pathways physiological effects animal human kynurenine pathway MEL biosynthesis Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast tryptophan extraction LC-MS/MS soybean skin atopic dermatitis psoriasis severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 malignant melanoma urine autofluorescence transplantation ischemia-reperfusion tolerance rejection indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase L-tryptophan amino acids MAC-T cell proteomics omics β-casein mTOR systemic inflammation dysbiosis gut microbiota obesity mice tyrosine cytokines behavior inflammation liver morphology color cell culture media LC-MS antioxidant cytotoxicity biomanufacturing 5-hydroxytryptamine secretion metabolism nitrofurantoin antibiotics human serum albumin molecular interactions FTIR fluorescence n/a thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology |
| topic_facet | tryptophan kynurenine kynurenic acid FICZ AhR melanoma proliferation cell death aryl hydrocarbon receptor chronic kidney disease developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypertension indole melatonin serotonin uremic toxin virus immunity codon depression chronic mild stress oxidative stress tryptophan catabolites pathway methylation expression escitalopram 5-hydroxytryptophan natural sources microbial production biosynthetic pathways physiological effects animal human kynurenine pathway MEL biosynthesis Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast tryptophan extraction LC-MS/MS soybean skin atopic dermatitis psoriasis severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 malignant melanoma urine autofluorescence transplantation ischemia-reperfusion tolerance rejection indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase L-tryptophan amino acids MAC-T cell proteomics omics β-casein mTOR systemic inflammation dysbiosis gut microbiota obesity mice tyrosine cytokines behavior inflammation liver morphology color cell culture media LC-MS antioxidant cytotoxicity biomanufacturing 5-hydroxytryptamine secretion metabolism nitrofurantoin antibiotics human serum albumin molecular interactions FTIR fluorescence n/a thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology |
| url | ONIX_20230405_9783036570778_214 |